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The report by Scientists for Global Responsibility (SGR) critiques the 2003 invasion of Iraq, asserting that the US administration's justifications—such as eliminating weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and promoting democracy—are insincere. SGR argues the true drivers are 'full spectrum dominance' and the desire to control strategic oil reserves to reduce reliance on Saudi Arabia. The document details severe humanitarian risks, including potential malnutrition for 1.26 million Iraqi children, and environmental damage, including CO2 emissions from the invasion estimated to equal one year of total UK emissions. It concludes by advocating for a shift from military spending toward solving global poverty, water scarcity, and climate change through renewable energy development.

The report examines the deployment of first-generation GMO crops in the US and Argentina. It finds that while RR soybeans facilitate no-till farming and replace more toxic herbicides, they often result in a 5-10% yield drag and increased total herbicide volume. The author warns that high selection pressure, particularly in Argentina, risks accelerating weed resistance and shifts. Additionally, the paper highlights emerging concerns regarding glyphosate's impact on soil microbial communities, specifically the buildup of Fusarium fungi, and potential impairments to plant immune responses and nitrogen fixation.

The report evaluates the emissions of US school bus fleets, finding that the vast majority rely on high-polluting diesel engines that pose significant health risks to children. It advocates for a transition to cleaner alternatives, specifically natural gas, and calls for federal and state funding to replace aging fleets.

The report evaluates three energy scenarios for San Francisco: 'Central Generation', 'More Imports', and 'Distributed Resources'. It compares these paths based on capital and operating costs, electricity supply reliability, environmental impacts, and local economic development. The analysis finds that while all scenarios can ensure reliability and allow the closure of the Hunter's Point Power Station, only the 'Distributed Resources' scenario significantly reduces CO2 emissions and promotes environmental equity. The 'Central Generation' path is identified as potentially the least expensive but carries risks related to market power and higher in-city emissions.

The report describes the comprehensive environmental and health impacts of coal in the United States, noting that the electric power industry is the nation's largest toxic polluter. It highlights that coal, used for over half of U.S. electricity, releases diverse toxic pollutants during mining, cleaning, transportation, generation, and disposal, affecting nearly 900 million tons of coal burned annually. These pollutants are linked to cancer, reproductive impairment, developmental issues in children, and damage to the nervous and immune systems. Additionally, the document identifies carbon dioxide emissions from power plants as the primary greenhouse gas responsible for climate change and notes that impacts vary by region, ranging from mining concerns in coal-field regions to inhalation risks in urban areas.

The report argues that coal is the 'dirtiest of all fuels' and that its entire lifecycle—mining, preparation, transport, combustion, and waste disposal—causes extensive damage to human health and ecosystems. It highlights the failure of regulatory enforcement and the disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations.

The report argues that the US can significantly reduce its oil consumption and environmental footprint by aggressively raising Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards. It proposes a path to 40 mpg by 2012 and 55 mpg by 2020 using evolutionary conventional technologies and hybrid electric vehicles. The analysis suggests these improvements would save consumers billions of dollars, create over 100,000 automobile industry jobs by 2020, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 888 million tons by 2020. Furthermore, the report contends that these fuel savings would far exceed the potential oil supply from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and that safety can be maintained or improved through better design and the reduction of weight disparity between light trucks and passenger cars.

The report argues that while diesel trucks and buses are essential for commerce, they are disproportionate sources of smog, soot, and greenhouse gases. It evaluates a transition from conventional diesel to a 'green truck path' involving advanced exhaust controls, natural gas, hybrids, and fuel cells. The authors model a 2030 scenario where aggressive policies could reduce pollutant emissions by over 90% and global warming pollutants by 26%, while maintaining current oil consumption levels despite doubling truck travel.

The Union of Concerned Scientists identifies seven policy tools—Renewables Portfolio Standards, public benefits funding, net metering, fair transmission/distribution rules, fair pollution rules, consumer information, and green customer demand—to transition the US to renewable energy. It argues that deregulation risks favoring fossil fuels unless these mechanisms internalize the public benefits of renewables and remove market barriers.

The paper analyzes the cotton commodity chain in Pakistan, highlighting the severe environmental degradation caused by heavy pesticide use in farming and untreated effluent discharge in textile processing. It argues that the transition to sustainable alternatives, such as Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and organic cotton, is hindered by a failing government-driven governance system in agriculture and a buyer-driven system in apparel. The author suggests that a successful transition requires strengthening government research and extension networks and engaging private pesticide companies in a collaborative framework.

The report analyzes how Argentina's trade liberalization in the 1990s affected its environmental footprint. It finds that while the manufacturing export pattern remained dominated by high-pollution sectors, the agro-industrial sector experienced a 'virtuous' cycle where technological adoption, such as no-till farming and transgenic crops, improved soil health and reduced certain chemical residues. The document argues that Argentina's competitive advantage in sustainable agriculture could be leveraged in international negotiations, provided that national policies continue to support research and development in 'soft' technologies.

The document describes a 1990 life-cycle analysis (LCA) conducted by Arthur D. Little, Inc. for Procter & Gamble to evaluate the trade-offs between disposable and reusable diapers. The analysis reveals that while disposable diapers generate significantly more post-consumer waste, reusable diapers require substantially more energy and water consumption. The study also notes that disposables are associated with a lower incidence of diaper rash and can be more cost-effective when home labor is valued at minimum wage or higher.

The report analyzes the total value of adopting energy-efficient computers, using the IBM PS/2 E as a benchmark. It demonstrates that such machines reduce direct energy use by approximately 80% during office hours and lower secondary energy needs for cooling and power distribution. Beyond utility savings, the author highlights substantial capital cost reductions in air-conditioning and wiring for new and renovated buildings. Environmentally, the report quantifies the reduction in CO2, SOx, and NOx emissions. Finally, it suggests that the elimination of fan noise, radiant heat, and screen flicker, combined with better ergonomics, can lead to productivity gains that may outweigh all other economic benefits.

The report examines the digital footprint of 15 major Brazilian companies in the agribusiness, mining, and fossil fuel sectors, finding a wide disparity in the volume of sustainability communications. While all analyzed companies acknowledge climate change, the report identifies significant signs of greenwashing, including the use of vague language and green imagery to mask negative environmental impacts. It highlights a contradiction between corporate narratives—which frame these sectors as 'part of the solution'—and actual records, such as Petrobras, Vale, and Shell being among the top 10 companies most fined by Ibama between 2000 and 2025. Additionally, the report notes the use of targeted Meta advertising and influencer partnerships, particularly by Petrobras, to amplify sustainability messaging to younger audiences.

The Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment (CAPE) and other applicants argue that the Canadian Gas Association (CGA) has engaged in greenwashing by marketing natural gas as a clean and affordable energy source. The document asserts that natural gas has a lifecycle climate impact comparable to coal, causes significant indoor and outdoor pollution, and is less affordable than heat pumps, especially as carbon pricing increases. The applicants request a Competition Bureau inquiry, a public retraction of the claims, and a $10 million fine.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) study of 15 coal mines in Pennsylvania found that the state's program for placing coal combustion waste (CCW) in mines is failing, with 10 of the 15 sites showing groundwater or stream contamination. The report highlights severe pollutant levels at specific sites, such as the Ernest, McDermott, and Swamp Poodle mines, and calls for the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to implement strict safeguards, long-term monitoring, and enforceable regulations to protect human health and the environment.

This document consists of a series of legal submissions, correspondence, and technical reports related to an appeal against the granting of a mining right to William Patrick Bower (Pty) Ltd (WPB) for a coal mine near Belfast, Mpumalanga. The materials include a hydrogeochemical study on acid mine drainage (AMD) and decant management, a responding statement from BirdLife South Africa (represented by the Centre for Environmental Rights), and an internal appeal from the Escarpment Environment Protection Group (EEPOG). The central disputes concern procedural unfairness in the consultation process, the inadequacy of environmental impact assessments—specifically regarding biodiversity and water quality—and the lack of a sustainable mine closure plan.

This legal document, submitted by the Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) on behalf of a Coalition, challenges the rezoning of the Yzermyn 96 HT farm from agricultural to mining purposes. The document details the environmental sensitivity of the Wakkerstroom area, the potential for irreparable harm to water resources and biodiversity, and the limited socio-economic benefits of the proposed Atha coal mine compared to the risks to local subsistence farmers and the eco-tourism economy.

This document consists of a series of legal statements, permissions, and correspondence regarding the Yzermyn underground coal mine project in Mpumalanga, South Africa. It includes a formal permission from the Ministers of Environmental Affairs and Mineral Resources for Atha-Africa Ventures (Pty) Ltd to mine within the Mabola Protected Environment, a land use approval from the Dr Pixley ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality, and a detailed statement of grounds for appeal filed by a coalition of environmental organisations. The appeal argues that the project is 'fatally flawed' due to its potential for irreversible damage to critical biodiversity, wetlands, and water resources, and claims that the socio-economic benefits to local communities were overestimated.

This report identifies and maps National Strategic Water Source Areas (SWSAs) across South Africa, Lesotho, and Swaziland, defining them as areas that supply a disproportionate amount of mean annual runoff relative to their land area. The document evaluates the ecological condition, protection levels, and threats to these areas—including land cover modification and mining—while also providing an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for the proposed Yzermyn Underground Coal Mine in Mpumalanga.