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This February 2021 briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines Indonesia's energy policy landscape during the COVID-19 pandemic. It details the fluctuations in fuel and LPG subsidies, the government's strategic push for coal derivatives to reduce imports, and the challenges facing the renewable energy transition, including regulatory uncertainty and project delays.

This report evaluates the financial sustainability of Indonesia's electricity sector using the Financial Sustainability Electricity Sector (FSES) framework. It examines the state-owned utility PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), the role of government subsidies, the expansion of generation capacity through Fast Track Programmes, and the challenges of transitioning to renewable energy while achieving universal electricity access.

This guide, produced by the International Institute for Sustainable Development's Global Subsidies Initiative and the Institute for Essential Services Reform, examines the costs and benefits of energy subsidies in Indonesia. It details the mechanisms of subsidies for fuel, electricity, coal, and LPG, arguing that these measures primarily benefit wealthier citizens while creating fiscal vulnerabilities, discouraging clean energy investment, and encouraging illegal activities like smuggling.

INFASA is a strategic dialogue forum aimed at advancing sustainable agriculture by improving the development, use, and mainstreaming of sustainability measurement and assessment tools through stakeholder collaboration.

This fact sheet outlines the risks posed by various climate hazards to Canada's built infrastructure and suggests corresponding resilience options across several sectors, including waterC water, buildings, transportation, and energy.

This working paper, produced by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), proposes a set of foundational and process principles for applying intersectional approaches to climate change adaptation. Based on a May 2024 knowledge co-production workshop, the paper outlines how to integrate intersectionality across the four stages of the iterative adaptation cycle—risk assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL)—to better address the structural inequities that exacerbate vulnerability for marginalized groups.

This document provides an inventory of fossil fuel subsidies in Switzerland, based on the legal definitions established by the Agreement on Climate Change, Trade and Sustainability (ACCTS).

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) advocates for a shift from short-term, project-based grants to long-term core funding for Community-Based Water Monitoring (CBWM) in Canada. It argues that CBWM is a cost-effective and scientifically rigorous method to address significant gaps in Canada's water quality and flow data, which currently hinder watershed health assessments and risk management.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides a comprehensive overview of the Investment Facilitation for Development Agreement (IFD Agreement), a plurilateral initiative within the World Trade Organization (WTO). The document details the agreement's objectives to increase foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to developing countries and Least Developed Countries (LDCs) through improved transparency, streamlined administrative procedures, and international cooperation, while outlining the specific flexibilities and capacity-building support provided to developing nations.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) provides a historical and conceptual overview of global investment governance, focusing on the shift toward 'investment facilitation' as an alternative to traditional investment protection and liberalization models.

This document is an annex to a report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) that evaluates the potential for Nature-based Infrastructure (NBI) to reduce the global infrastructure investment gap. It provides a literature review of infrastructure needs across sectors such as water, energy, and transport, and compares the costs and value generation of NBI against traditional 'grey' infrastructure using SAVi assessments.

The Investment Policy Forum Panama Tool Kit provides a three-step framework for government policy-makers to enhance institutional coherence in investment governance. It guides users to identify specific policy concerns (such as 'red tape' or capacity constraints), select appropriate tools (such as interinstitutional committees or digitalization platforms) based on their benefits and drawbacks, and determine the most suitable options based on timeliness, cost, and political feasibility.

The 'Kit de Herramientas del Foro de Políticas de Inversión de Panamá' is a practical guide developed by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to help government policymakers improve institutional coherence in investment governance. Based on discussions from the 15th Investment Policy Forum (IPF) in Panama, the toolkit provides a structured three-step process to identify causes of institutional incoherence, select appropriate regulatory tools, and determine the most suitable options based on a country's specific national context.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of investment treaties and Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms in global governance. It argues that traditional investment treaties, which prioritize investor protection, often fail to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and instead create significant financial and legal burdens for host states, potentially hindering sustainable development and climate action.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of investment treaties and Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) mechanisms in global governance. It argues that traditional treaties, designed to protect foreign investors and attract Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), often conflict with sustainable development goals by creating 'regulatory chill' and imposing high financial costs on host states. The document advocates for an ambitious reform of investment law to prioritize public interest, environmental protection, and human rights over investor protections.

This briefing paper analyzes the prospects and challenges of negotiating a multilateral investment agreement within the World Trade Organization (WTO) following the Doha Ministerial Statement. It critiques existing international investment agreements (IIAs), specifically NAFTA's Chapter 11 and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), for prioritizing investor rights over public welfare and sustainable development. The author argues that the WTO may lack the institutional capacity to deliver a balanced agreement and proposes a new framework that incorporates obligations for investors and home states alongside the rights of host states to regulate in the public interest.

This 2004 research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the relationship between international investment agreements (IIAs) and sustainable development. It argues that the traditional model of IIAs, which focuses heavily on investor protections, has failed to empirically prove its ability to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) and often conflicts with the regulatory needs and development priorities of host states. The paper advocates for a 'Southern Agenda' that balances private investor rights with public goods, transparency, and the specific needs of developing countries.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development describes the 'Development Box' (DB), a proposed mechanism within the World Trade Organization (WTO) to provide developing countries with enhanced special and differential treatment (S&D) measures in agriculture. The proposal seeks to address negative outcomes of the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) by prioritizing food security and the livelihoods of poor farmers over strict trade liberalization.

This policy brief examines the tensions between the WTO's TRIPs Agreement and the protection of traditional knowledge, particularly regarding patentability, bioprospecting, and benefit-sharing. It analyzes alternative institutional models such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, while highlighting the risks of misappropriation and the need for an international agreement to support sustainable development for indigenous communities.

This 2012 case study examines investment incentives for renewable energy in Viet Nam, finding that while a policy framework exists (including tax breaks and price subsidies), these incentives have a limited impact on investment decisions. Major barriers include uncompetitive electricity off-take prices set by the state utility EVN, regulatory opacity, and a lack of trust in government guarantees.