Lições do relatório SREX IPCC na América Latina e no Caribe: Gerenciando Extremos Climáticos e Desastres

The document translates the global findings of the IPCC SREX report into a regional context for Latin America and the Caribbean, emphasizing that disaster risk is increasing due to rising vulnerability and exposure. It details observed and projected climate extremes—such as increased heatwaves and variable precipitation—and argues for the integration of disaster risk management (DRM) with climate change adaptation (CCA) and sustainable development. The report highlights the importance of both incremental and transformational changes, including the use of risk transfer mechanisms like insurance and the necessity of global greenhouse gas mitigation to avoid the most severe impacts.

• Disaster risk is projected to increase in many countries regardless of climate change because more vulnerable people and assets are being exposed to climate extremes, specifically citing growing informal settlements in Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru.
• There is evidence that climate change has already affected the magnitude and frequency of some extreme weather events; for instance, floods in Brazil in July 2009 reached the highest records in 106 years of data.
• Observed temperature trends since 1950 show an increase in hot days and nights in the Northeast of Brazil and Central America/Mexico, while the Amazon has insufficient evidence to identify a significant trend in maximum temperatures.
• Projections for the end of the 21st century indicate a likely increase in hot days and nights across the Amazon, Northeast Brazil, Southeast South America, and Central America/Mexico, with heatwaves likely becoming more frequent and longer.
• Vulnerability and exposure are driven by asymmetric development processes, such as unplanned rapid urbanization and poor environmental management, which force poor populations into high-risk areas.
• Economic losses from weather-related disasters are increasing, with developing countries experiencing higher fatality rates and higher economic losses relative to their GDP; for example, Hurricane Mitch caused damages to Honduras in 1998 equivalent to 95% of its GDP.
• Small island nations in the Caribbean are particularly vulnerable to sea-level rise, storm surges, and tropical cyclones, with over 50% of the population living within 1.5 km of the coast.
• Effective disaster risk management (DRM) requires a balance between risk reduction, risk transfer (such as insurance), and impact management, with examples of budget contingencies found in Mexico, Colombia, and Caribbean countries.
• Mexico has implemented a sophisticated risk transfer system, including the FONDEN fund for disaster spending and the transfer of public catastrophe risk to international reinsurance and capital markets since 2006.
• The Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility (CCRIF), launched in 2007, provides immediate liquidity to participating governments to cover approximately 50% of expected recovery and rehabilitation costs.
• Synergies between mitigation and adaptation can improve cost-benefit ratios, as seen in Brazil's creation of over 30 million hectares of biodiversity-rich forest reserves, which reduced carbon emissions by an estimated 1.8 billion tons.
• Addressing future climate extremes will require not only incremental changes but transformational shifts in institutions, culture, and leadership to move beyond event-based responses toward systemic resilience.

APA

Cameron, C., Norrington-Davies, G., & Velde, V. T. (2012). Lições do relatório SREX IPCC na América Latina e no Caribe: Gerenciando Extremos Climáticos e Desastres. Climate and Development Knowledge Network. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN001_CDKN-RFQ_LAC_PORT1-11.pdf

Chicago

Cameron, Catherine, Gemma Norrington-Davies, and Victoria te Velde. Lições do relatório SREX IPCC na América Latina e no Caribe: Gerenciando Extremos Climáticos e Desastres. Climate and Development Knowledge Network, 2012. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN001_CDKN-RFQ_LAC_PORT1-11.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Cameron |first1=Catherine |last2=Norrington-Davies |first2=Gemma |last3=Velde |first3=Victoria te |title=Lições do relatório SREX IPCC na América Latina e no Caribe: Gerenciando Extremos Climáticos e Desastres |publisher=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |date=2012 |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN001_CDKN-RFQ_LAC_PORT1-11.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{cameron2012lies, author = {Cameron, Catherine and Norrington-Davies, Gemma and Velde, Victoria te}, title = {{Lições do relatório SREX IPCC na América Latina e no Caribe: Gerenciando Extremos Climáticos e Desastres}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, year = {2012}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/CDKN001_CDKN-RFQ_LAC_PORT1-11.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }