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The briefing outlines how the US Congress used the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) between 2017 and 2019 to address climate change as a national security threat. Key actions include mandating resilience plans for military installations, updating construction codes to account for sea-level rise and permafrost thaw, increasing Arctic strategic capabilities, and establishing a Climate and Security Council within the Intelligence Community.

The document defines climate change as a "threat multiplier" that creates direct risks to critical infrastructure and indirect risks by stressing resources like food, water, and energy. It argues that while climate change is unlikely to be the sole cause of war, it increases the likelihood of conflict in unstable regions. The guide details the specific impacts on military readiness, operations, and strategy, and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive risk management approach combining adaptation and mitigation.

The COP28 Declaration on Climate, Relief, Recovery and Peace is a voluntary call to action to scale up climate adaptation and finance for highly vulnerable regions, particularly those in conflict or fragility. It outlines objectives to improve financial access, enhance programmatic best practices through conflict-sensitive approaches, and strengthen cross-sectoral coordination between humanitarian, development, and peace actors.

A statement by experts associated with the Council on Strategic Risks urging NPT States Parties to leverage the COVID-19 pandemic-induced delay of the 2020 Review Conference to strengthen international security and address the intersection of nuclear safeguards and climate change.

The document asserts that Russia, with Chinese support, is spreading false claims about biological and chemical weapons in Ukraine to erode trust in the United States and potentially justify atrocities or false-flag operations. It clarifies that the U.S. Biological Threat Reduction Program focuses on defense and non-proliferation, and that the U.S. and Ukraine remain in compliance with international weapons conventions. Conversely, the document states that the U.S. Department of State assesses that Russia maintains an offensive biological weapons program in violation of the Biological Weapons Convention.

The report details a workshop focused on the evolving biothreat, the convergence of biotechnology with AI and robotics, and the need for a multi-layered U.S. biodefense strategy. It emphasizes the importance of U.S. technical leadership, the development of rapid medical countermeasures, and the establishment of international norms to deter both state and non-state actors.

The document examines the 'hunger-climate-conflict nexus,' where food insecurity acts as a 'threat multiplier' for instability. It argues that while military forces have historically played ad-hoc support roles in humanitarian aid, the increasing frequency of climate-driven food crises necessitates a shift in military training, doctrine, and interagency coordination. The author highlights barriers to this transition, including the risk of 'over-securitisation' and existing institutional silos between defence and development agencies, while specifically noting the implications for the Irish Defence Forces regarding peacekeeping and domestic disaster response.