Search Climate Insights Directory

The report finds increasing references to gender equality and responsiveness in NAP documents, with a growing recognition of women as agents of change rather than just vulnerable groups. It highlights progress in institutional arrangements, capacity building, and monitoring and evaluation, while providing practical examples from countries like Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, and Suriname to illustrate the implementation of gender-responsive adaptation.

The review finds that Kenya has implemented numerous initiatives to enhance climate resilience in its agriculture sector, including the development of drought-tolerant crops, improved rangeland management, and the scaling of sustainable aquaculture. While the enabling environment has improved through legislation like the Climate Change Act (2016) and the establishment of the Climate Smart Agriculture Multistakeholder Platform, the report notes a critical lack of baseline data and indicators in the original NAP, making it difficult to accurately track progress. Despite these efforts, smallholder production remains limited due to persistent climatic shocks, including a 40-year record drought from 2019 to 2022.

The report evaluates the integration of gender perspectives in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) globally, noting a shift from viewing women solely as vulnerable groups to recognizing them as agents of change. It highlights improvements in the use of gender analysis, institutional coordination involving gender ministries, and the development of gender-specific capacities. Practical examples from countries like Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, and Suriname illustrate the application of visual storytelling, formal inter-ministerial agreements, and gender-disaggregated monitoring systems to ensure equitable climate resilience.

The report evaluates the integration of gender considerations in National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) globally, noting an increase in the use of gender-responsive language, gender analysis, and the inclusion of gender ministries in institutional frameworks. It highlights specific progress in capacity building and monitoring and evaluation (M&E), while providing case studies from countries like the Central African Republic, Chad, Ghana, Kenya, Côte d'Ivoire, Dominican Republic, Marshall Islands, and Suriname to illustrate best practices in gender-responsive climate adaptation.

Nigeria's Adaptation Communication (AdCom) was developed through a participatory, gender-responsive process involving stakeholders from government, civil society, the private sector, and academia. The document aims to increase the visibility of adaptation relative to mitigation, provide input for the global stocktake, and assess progress toward the Global Goal on Adaptation (GGA). The preparation was supported by the NAP Global Network Secretariat and the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), with funding from the United Kingdom's Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office (FCDO).

The Kingdom of Eswatini's Initial Adaptation Communication (AdCom) identifies key climate hazards such as droughts, floods, and heatwaves, and details national efforts to mitigate these impacts through flood control, irrigation, and climate-proofed infrastructure. It highlights the role of the National Climate Change Policy (2016) and the National Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (2015-2020) in guiding adaptation actions involving government, NGOs, and the private sector.

Ghana's first Adaptation Communication (AdCom), led by the Environmental Protection Agency, evaluates the country's progress in adaptation planning. While the document notes significant progress in institutional structures, governance, and capacity building across various sectors, it characterizes overall gains as modest and a foundation for more ambitious future actions.

The guide argues that simplicity is essential for the longevity and feasibility of national-level monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) systems for climate adaptation, given resource constraints and the long timelines of climate impacts. It recommends that countries clarify objectives before data collection, integrate adaptation into existing national or sectoral systems rather than creating standalone ones, and use an incremental approach through piloting and progress reporting. The document emphasizes that MEL should ultimately serve as a storytelling process to communicate progress through evidence-based narratives.

The report details Kenya's progress in climate adaptation and mitigation from July 2019 to June 2020. Key achievements include the distribution of climate information services to over 2.5 million people, the accreditation of Kenya Commercial Bank with the Green Climate Fund, and the climate-proofing of over 3,000 km of roads. However, implementation was hindered by the Covid-19 pandemic, a desert locust invasion, and weak coordinating units at the county level. The document recommends ring-fencing climate finance and adopting a biennial reporting cycle to improve efficiency.

Timor-Leste's National Adaptation Plan (NAP), ratified in September 2020 and submitted to the UNFCCC in March 2021, establishes Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) as one of 14 guiding principles to link environmental protection with climate action. The process, led by the National Directorate for Climate Change (NDCC), utilizes a systems approach across seven priority sectors and five ecological zones. A key feature of the implementation is the use of Tarabandu, a traditional customary rule system, to engage local communities in EbA measures. The NAP aligns with the Strategic Development Plan 2011–2030 and international frameworks like the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework. Future steps include the development of a monitoring, evaluation, reporting, and learning (MERL) framework and a comprehensive financing plan by 2022.

Timor-Leste has utilized its National Adaptation Plan (NAP) process to mainstream Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA), linking environmental protection with climate action. The NAP, ratified in September 2020 and submitted to the UNFCCC in March 2021, identifies EbA as one of 14 guiding principles to maximize co-benefits between adaptation and environmental protection. The process emphasizes a systemic approach across five ecological zones and integrates traditional customs, specifically Tarabandu, to ensure community-led implementation and social cohesion in a post-conflict context. The government aims to align these efforts with its Strategic Development Plan 2011–2030 and international frameworks like the Paris Agreement and the Sendai Framework.

The report assesses the integration of gender equality and human rights into the climate adaptation strategies of the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI). While RMI has a strong policy framework—including the 2050 Tile Til Eo Climate Strategy and the 2019 Gender Equality Act—the report identifies significant gaps in operationalizing these goals. Key barriers include limited technical capacity, high staff turnover, a reliance on external consultants, and persistent social norms that frame women as passive victims rather than agents of change. The document provides a detailed roadmap of recommendations across four phases of the NAP process, emphasizing the need for sex-disaggregated data, inclusive community consultations, and the establishment of monitoring and evaluation protocols that track women's rights as markers of climate adaptation success.

The document argues that cross-cutting climate projects perform better in impact and efficiency than isolated ones. It recommends using design-thinking processes, joined dashboards for indicators, and economic modelling to identify synergies and manage trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need to align Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) with long-term development strategies to streamline financial flows and mobilize non-environmental stakeholders.

The document provides a comprehensive guide to adaptation communications (ADCOMs), which are voluntary reports used by countries to share climate adaptation priorities and needs. It outlines the four primary goals of ADCOMs: increasing the visibility of adaptation, strengthening support for developing countries, providing data for the global stocktake, and enhancing global learning. The text details flexible submission methods—standalone, in conjunction with, or as a component of other documents like NDCs or NAPs—and lists optional content elements ranging from national circumstances to gender-responsive actions. Finally, it explains how countries can leverage existing NAP processes to develop their ADCOMs, even if a final NAP document is not yet complete.

The document establishes that Adaptation Communications (ADCOMs) are voluntary, country-driven, and flexible tools designed to avoid imposing additional burdens on developing countries. It explicitly states that ADCOMs are not intended for direct comparison between parties and are not subject to review.

The document explains that Adaptation Communications (ADCOMs) are voluntary reports under the Paris Agreement designed to synthesize a country's climate adaptation priorities, needs, and lessons. It outlines four primary purposes: increasing the visibility of adaptation relative to mitigation, mobilizing support for developing countries, providing data for the Global Stocktake, and enhancing learning. The text details flexible submission methods—as standalone documents, linked to other reports, or as components of existing documents like NDCs or NAPs—and emphasizes that ADCOMs should not create additional burdens for developing nations. It also provides a detailed list of optional content elements and explains how countries can leverage their ongoing NAP processes to inform their ADCOMs.

The document explains that Adaptation Communications (ADCOMs) are optional reports under the Paris Agreement used by countries to share climate adaptation priorities, needs, and lessons. It outlines four main objectives: increasing attention to adaptation, strengthening support for developing countries, contributing to the Global Stocktake, and improving knowledge of adaptation measures. Countries can submit ADCOMs as standalone documents, jointly with other reports, or as components of existing documents like NDCs or NAPs to minimize administrative burdens. The text emphasizes that ADCOMs are country-driven, flexible, and not intended for direct comparison between parties.

The document argues that vertical integration is essential for inclusive and effective climate adaptation, as it ensures local realities and marginalized voices shape national policy. It identifies four enabling factors for this process: financing mechanisms, institutional arrangements, information sharing, and capacity development. Through case studies from countries like Malawi, Botswana, Ghana, Nepal, Cambodia, and Peru, the briefing highlights that while decentralization and local participation improve targeting, they are often hindered by power imbalances, elite capture, and a lack of financial resources reaching the local level. The author recommends using knowledge brokers to bridge the gap between national and local visions and empowering local authorities through stronger mandates and capacity building.

The first progress report for Tonga's JNAP2 evaluates the integration of 92 climate and disaster risk activities into ministry corporate plans and their implementation status. While most activities are integrated—particularly those related to resilience-building actions (79%) and financing (76%)—the report identifies significant capacity gaps in procedures and skills. Key recommendations include prioritising sector vulnerability assessments, developing GESI-factored resilience plans, and investing in meteorological infrastructure like Doppler radar.

The report analyzes the integration of climate and disaster risk financing and insurance (CDRFI) within National Adaptation Plans (NAPs), finding that while insurance is widely recognized—particularly in agriculture—there are significant opportunities to improve risk modeling, social protection, and cross-sectoral dialogue between finance ministries and private providers.