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Australia has increased its total government support for fossil fuels by 30% compared to the 2014–2016 average, primarily through tax exemptions and credits. Total support averaged USD 7.7 billion between 2017 and 2019, with the vast majority (USD 7.5 billion) directed toward fossil fuel use. The document highlights significant tax breaks for producers via the Petroleum Resource Rent Tax (PRRT) and fuel tax credits, noting that nine of the ten largest producers paid no corporate income tax in 2017–18.

Brazil ranks first among non-OECD G20 countries in the scorecard due to low support for coal and fossil fuel-based power, though it continues to provide significant funding for oil and gas production. While state-owned enterprise investments in fossil fuels decreased by 23% compared to the 2014–2016 average, the country faces criticism for a lack of transparency and the implementation of new tax incentives to boost oil and gas production.

Canada provides significant public finance for fossil fuels, ranking worst among G20 OECD members on a per GDP basis. While some exploration measures have been phased out, total support increased by 12% relative to 2014–2016, driven largely by infrastructure development for oil and gas, including liquefied natural gas. The document highlights substantial unquantified support for projects like the Trans Mountain Pipeline and recent COVID-19 relief measures for fossil fuel producers.

France ranks second among G20 OECD members for its commitments and low support for fossil fuel production per GDP, yet it maintains high support for fossil fuel-based power and consumption. Total government support averaged USD 19.4 billion (2017–2019), with a significant 87% increase in public finance for fossil fuels compared to the 2014–2016 average, primarily driven by oil and gas production.

Germany ranks first among G20 OECD member countries in the G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding, with an overall score of 71/100. While the country has reduced overall fossil fuel support by 35% compared to the 2014–2016 average—driven by the end of hard coal mining subsidies in 2018 and plans to phase out lignite by 2038—it continues to provide USD 2.6 billion annually for fossil fuel consumption in industry and transport. This consumption support is primarily delivered through tax relief for diesel and exemptions for aviation and shipping.

India provides significant government support for fossil fuels, averaging USD 44.6 billion between 2017 and 2019, primarily through consumer price supports and state-owned enterprise investments in oil and gas. While consumer subsidies for petrol, diesel, and kerosene have decreased, public finance for fossil fuel-based power and SOE investments have increased. The document also highlights unquantified support via power distribution utility bailouts and lower GST rates for coal.

Japan is ranked second among G20 OECD member countries for its low level of support for fossil fuel use, yet it remains the second-highest supplier of public finance for fossil fuel projects. While overall support dropped by 48%, Japan increased public finance for coal production by 944% relative to the 2014–2016 average. The document highlights significant transparency gaps and the continued funding of coal and LNG projects in countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

Mexico ranks last among G20 OECD member countries in the G20 Scorecard of Fossil Fuel Funding, with an overall score of 48/100. Between 2017 and 2019, Mexico provided an average of USD 29.9 billion in total government support to fossil fuels, dominated by USD 13.3 billion in annual state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments via PEMEX. While overall support decreased by 21% relative to the 2014–2016 average—driven by a 37% drop in SOE investment—support for fossil fuel-based power increased by 17% due to higher electricity price support. Additionally, the government provided a USD 3 billion tax break on oil extraction to offset COVID-19 related oil price drops.

Russia is identified as the second-largest provider of government support to fossil fuels globally, with an annual average of USD 80.9 billion between 2017 and 2019. This support is primarily driven by state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments and tax expenditures for oil and gas production. While the country has phased out some property tax exemptions for pipelines, overall tax expenditures for fossil fuels rose 79% compared to 2014–2016 averages. The report notes significant unquantified support via preferential rail tariffs for coal and regional programs for Arctic oil and gas, as well as a lack of commitment to G20 peer reviews on subsidies.

Saudi Arabia is ranked lowest among G20 non-OECD member countries due to high levels of fossil fuel support, totaling an annual average of $77 billion between 2017 and 2019. This support is primarily driven by state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments, with Saudi Aramco providing approximately $33 billion annually for oil and gas and the Saudi Electric Company investing $8.2 billion annually in fossil fuel-based power. While the government introduced energy subsidy reforms in 2016 and 2018 under Vision 2030, domestic fuel prices remain significantly below international benchmarks. Transparency remains low regarding direct budgetary transfers and tax expenditures, leading to likely underestimations of total support.

South Africa is identified as the second-worst performer among G20 non-OECD member countries due to a lack of transparency and continued support for fossil fuels. Total government support averaged USD 10.9 billion between 2017 and 2019, with the largest portion directed toward fossil fuel-based power. Support increased by 14% relative to the 2014–2016 average, driven largely by price support. The document highlights significant unquantified support, including billions in bailouts and loan guarantees for the state-owned utility Eskom, as well as carbon tax exemptions for major emitters like Sasol.

Turkey ranks last among G20 OECD member countries in fossil fuel funding, providing an average of USD 6.8 billion in total government support between 2017 and 2019. While state-owned enterprise investment in oil and gas production decreased by 33% compared to the 2014–2016 average, support for fossil fuel consumption increased by 11% through tax expenditures. The document highlights significant transparency gaps, noting that Turkey has not performed the G20 fossil fuel subsidy peer review and lacks data on public financing from government-owned banks.

The document presents seven principles for a green recovery in Canada, focusing on net-zero commitments, a just transition for workers, and the protection of environmental regulations.

The document argues that Canada's COVID-19 recovery spending must be deliberately steered toward climate goals through specific conditions on bailouts and stimulus. It outlines seven 'green strings' to ensure a sustainable recovery: requiring zero-emission transition conditions for industry support, applying strict financial conditions like climate risk disclosure, prioritizing a worker-focused just transition, supporting low-carbon infrastructure, maintaining environmental regulations, ensuring spending transparency, and promoting social equity.

The document proposes seven 'green conditions' for Canada's COVID-19 economic recovery to align financial support with climate goals, including net-zero emissions by 2050, a just transition for workers, and strict financial regulations to prevent unsustainable investments.

The document outlines a comprehensive legal framework for managing the environmental and social impacts of large-scale mining throughout the entire mine life cycle. It identifies 20 essential components of a strong legal framework, ranging from a stated commitment to sustainable development and public transparency to rigorous monitoring and financial assurance for mine closure. The guidance details specific government actions required across four phases: exploration (screening), mine planning (ESIA review and approval), construction and operations (monitoring and enforcement), and closure/post-mining transition (relinquishment and residual risk management). It also provides a practical methodology for governments to conduct gap analyses and implement legal reforms to align with international standards.

The guide outlines a comprehensive legal framework for managing the environmental and social impacts of large-scale mining throughout its entire lifecycle. It identifies 20 essential components for a robust legal system, ranging from sustainable development commitments and public participation to financial guarantees for mine closure. The document provides a phased approach for government action—covering exploration, planning, construction, operation, and closure—and offers practical tools, such as gap analyses and checklists, to help governments improve their regulatory governance and avoid the social and environmental legacies of abandoned mines.

The document outlines a comprehensive legal framework for managing the environmental and social impacts of large-scale mining throughout the mine life cycle. It identifies 20 essential components of a robust legal framework, ranging from sustainable development commitments and public consultation to financial guarantees for mine closure. The guide details key government actions across four phases: exploration (screening), planning (ESIA review and approval), construction and operation (monitoring and enforcement), and closure (post-mining transition). It emphasizes the need for inter-ministerial coordination, the avoidance of legal stabilization of environmental clauses to allow for updates, and the use of gap analyses to improve national legal frameworks.

The IISD 2020-2025 strategic direction, termed the CREATE framework, prioritizes driving clean energy transitions, sustainable resource management, and the reform of global economic rules. The organization aims to leverage the post-COVID-19 recovery to 'build back better' by avoiding high-carbon futures and addressing magnified inequalities. Key operational goals include strengthening multilateralism, advancing gender equality, and expanding the reach of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin.

The annex updates data on electric vehicle GST concessions, power transmission infrastructure in Ladakh, LPG and kerosene subsidies, and a comprehensive list of coal producer and consumer taxes in India between FY 2014 and FY 2019.