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The report finds that South Africa's energy fiscal policies are largely misaligned with its climate goals, with fossil fuel subsidies totaling ZAR 172 billion in FY 2020/21. These subsidies, particularly Eskom bailouts and carbon tax exemptions, outweigh the ZAR 100.5 billion in fossil fuel revenues. The social costs of fossil fuel combustion—estimated at a minimum of ZAR 550 billion annually—far exceed both revenues and subsidies. While the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP) has successfully lowered renewable energy costs, investment has been hindered by political opposition and Eskom's financial instability. The report recommends tying bailouts to transition reforms, phasing out carbon tax exemptions, and using fossil fuel tax revenues to support vulnerable households and a just transition.

The report finds that Canada's comprehensive wealth grew by only 7 per cent per person between 1980 and 2013, a rate significantly lower than the 54 per cent growth in individual consumption over the same period. While Canada remains the wealthiest G7 nation per capita, it has the lowest growth rate in comprehensive wealth among that group. The analysis reveals a stark decline in market natural capital, stagnant human capital, and produced capital growth that is dangerously concentrated in housing and oil and gas extraction. The document advocates for the federal government to fund Statistics Canada to regularly report comprehensive wealth measures to guide a transition toward a low-carbon, diversified economy.

The document outlines the mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, minimization, rehabilitation, and offsets) as a tool for mining companies to achieve no net loss or a net positive impact on biodiversity. It provides detailed case studies of the Mako gold project in Senegal and the Öksüt gold mine in Turkey, demonstrating how baseline studies and strategic planning can reduce ecological footprints and support national conservation goals.

The document outlines a framework for managing the environmental impacts of mining through the 'mitigation hierarchy'—avoid, minimize, rehabilitate, and offset. It provides detailed case studies of the Mako Gold project in Senegal and the Öksüt gold mine in Turkey to illustrate how these principles can be applied to protect priority species and habitats, such as western chimpanzees and the Irano-Anatolian steppe, while aligning with international standards and national policies.

The document outlines a framework for integrating biodiversity protection into mining governance through the 'mitigation hierarchy' (avoidance, minimization, rehabilitation, and compensation). It provides detailed case studies of the Mako gold project in Senegal and the Öksüt gold mine in Turkey to demonstrate how these principles can be applied to achieve 'no net loss' or a 'net gain' of biodiversity. The text also offers guidance for governments on developing national biodiversity policies and institutional frameworks to oversee mining impacts.

The Golden Pride Mine (GPM) in Tanzania, operated by Resolute Mining Limited from 1998 to 2013, serves as a model for inclusive mine closure. The process integrated early community engagement via Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), progressive reclamation of land into Miombo woodlands, and the creation of a pit lake to provide a sustainable water source for local agriculture. While the site was successfully transitioned to the Mineral Resources Institute for training purposes, the 2022 status report indicates ongoing challenges with illegal small-scale mining and vegetation harvesting. The document recommends that governments mandate early engagement, adaptable land-use plans, and the establishment of multidisciplinary closure committees.

The document details the closure process of the Golden Pride Mine (GPM) in Tanzania, operated by Resolute Mining Limited from 1998 to 2013. It emphasizes a multifaceted approach to closure that integrated Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) to align land-use decisions with community needs, such as water security. Key technical achievements include progressive revegetation of miombo forests and the conversion of the open pit into a lake for irrigation and livestock. The study also addresses the challenges of illegal small-scale mining and provides policy recommendations for governments on early engagement, adaptable land-use planning, and the establishment of multidisciplinary closure committees.

The report provides an overview of global environmental governance in 2022, noting a return to face-to-face multilateralism after the pandemic. Key achievements include the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the launch of plastics treaty negotiations, and the agreement to establish a loss and damage fund for vulnerable countries. It also examines the integration of human rights into environmental policy and the impact of the war in Ukraine on environmental governance.

The report examines the status of women in Ghana's large-scale mining sector, finding that women are significantly underrepresented, particularly in technical and senior roles. It identifies barriers such as cultural norms, a lack of STEM education, and inadequate childcare facilities, while highlighting the role of company initiatives and advocacy groups in promoting gender inclusivity.

The document explains the fundamentals of battery cells, focusing on the critical role of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries in electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy storage. It details the mineral requirements for cathodes and anodes, highlighting the high geographic concentration of production for graphite, cobalt, and lithium. The guide also analyzes the battery value chain, noting China's dominance in midstream processing and cell manufacturing, and discusses future technologies like sodium-ion and solid-state batteries.

The document defines 'critical minerals' as raw materials essential for renewable energy and clean technology, noting that criticality is context-specific and varies by country. It identifies two primary perspectives on criticality: security and control of supply (emphasized by the US, EU, and Japan) and value capture (emphasized by China, Australia, and Canada). The guide highlights the role of rare earth elements (REEs) in permanent magnets and lists key demand drivers such as e-mobility and decarbonization. It also discusses supply sources, including the significant role of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) for cobalt and tantalum, and emerging sources like deep-seabed mining. Finally, it outlines the macroeconomic and geopolitical risks associated with mineral dependency, such as 'Dutch disease' and supply chain concentration.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of critical minerals, which are essential for renewable energy and low-carbon technologies. It distinguishes between two primary perspectives on criticality: supply security (emphasized by the US, EU, and Japan) and value capture (emphasized by China, Australia, and Canada). The text details the importance of rare earth elements, the drivers of demand—such as electric mobility and decarbonization—and the role of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). It also highlights the significant increase in mineral requirements for electric vehicles and the global demand projections for 2050, while warning governments about supply risks, macroeconomic volatility, and the 'Dutch disease'.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of critical minerals, which are essential for clean energy technologies and a low-carbon future. It explains that 'criticality' is context-dependent, defined either by supply security (import dependence) or strategic valuation (leveraging abundance). The text highlights the specific role of rare earth elements (REEs), the massive increase in mineral demand for electric vehicles and decarbonization, and the growing importance of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) alongside emerging sources like deep-sea mining and phytomining. It concludes by weighing the economic opportunities of value chain development against risks such as production concentration, price volatility, and the 'Dutch disease'.

The document examines how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing gender inequalities in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector globally, with a focus on women's disproportionate loss of income, increased food insecurity, and limited access to healthcare. Through case studies in Zimbabwe, Peru, and the Philippines, it illustrates how women's roles—often classified as 'secondary'—led to higher layoff rates and exclusion from government aid. The brief argues for a three-tiered policy approach: emergency rapid gender assessments, short-term resilience measures based on gender-disaggregated data, and long-term structural reforms including gender-responsive budgeting and formalization of the sector.

The fact sheet outlines strategic recommendations to strengthen the nexus between health and the environment. It advocates for increased health sector participation in international negotiations (such as the UNFCCC and CBD), the adoption of health-centric metrics in national planning (like NDCs and NAPs), and the reform of chemicals governance to better protect diverse consumer groups. The document emphasizes the need for cross-sectoral collaboration between health and environmental ministries to address climate resilience, biodiversity loss, and pollution.

The document explores the 'brownfield to brightfield' transition, where contaminated or abandoned mine sites are repurposed for renewable energy. It highlights two primary examples: the SunMine solar project in Kimberley, BC, and the Windpark Hünxe in Ruhr, Germany. Both cases demonstrate how utilizing former mining land can reduce financial liabilities, leverage existing electrical infrastructure, and provide community economic benefits while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

The document details the establishment of the Mine Audits Unit and the role of the Chief Auditor in British Columbia, created to ensure independent, transparent evaluation of the provincial mining regulatory framework. This initiative followed the 2014 Mount Polley tailings storage facility breach and a 2016 Auditor General report that found compliance and enforcement activities were inadequate. The first major audit focused on Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs), concluding that 2016 Code revisions have had positive impacts but identifying seven recommendations for improvement, including resolving inconsistencies with the Water Sustainability Act and clarifying ambiguous language. The Ministry has accepted these recommendations and established a Strategy and Advisory Services Team to implement them.

The report examines how the mining industry must balance the surge in demand for critical minerals needed for low-carbon technologies with the necessity of reducing its own greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate-driven risks like water scarcity and tailings dam failures.

The report inventories 78 support measures for Indonesia's energy sector between FY 2016 and FY 2020, covering oil and gas, coal, electricity, renewable energy, biofuels, and electric vehicles (EVs). It details various mechanisms including direct fund transfers, tax exemptions, and price supports, noting that only 37% of these measures were quantified due to data limitations.

The workshop, organized by the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) and funded by the UK's FCDO, brought together 52 stakeholders to address the informality of Niger's ASGM sector. Key discussions focused on the lack of reliable production statistics, environmental degradation, and the security risks posed by the illicit use of explosives and chemicals. Participants identified a need to lower high fixed fees for marketing approval and export taxes to encourage formalization. The report also highlights the socio-economic dynamics in the Agadez region, where 85% of miners work for employers rather than on their own account. The workshop concluded with a set of recommendations to strengthen state presence on mining sites, simplify administrative procedures, and create non-violent conflict management mechanisms.