Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An audit of data on energy subsidies, energy use and gender in Indonesia

The report examines the potential impact of reforming LPG subsidies in Indonesia, noting that women in poor and near-poor households are more vulnerable to price increases. It identifies three primary economic risks for poor women: eroded household budgets, increased time spent on fuel collection or cooking, and higher input costs for small businesses. The study also evaluates alternatives for cleaner cooking, concluding that induction stoves are the most viable option for Indonesia's transition away from fossil fuels.

• The Indonesian government is considering reforming LPG consumer subsidies because the fiscal cost reached IDR 25 trillion (USD 1.9 billion) in 2016, representing approximately half of the total energy subsidy expenditure.
• Women in poor and near-poor households (the bottom 35 per cent of the population by income) are more vulnerable than men to LPG price increases, facing risks such as eroded budgets, reduced time for leisure or economic activity due to fuel collection/cooking, and increased costs for small businesses.
• Among the alternatives compared for Indonesia's transition to non-fossil cooking—induction stoves, dimethyl ether (DME), and city gas—induction stoves are identified as the most practical and viable option.

APA

Nurbani,, T. L. K. H. W. (2017). Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An audit of data on energy subsidies, energy use and gender in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/gender-and-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-audit-data-energy-subsidies-energy-use-0

Chicago

Nurbani,, Tara Laan,Niken Kusumawardhani,Rafiazka Hilman,Nila Warda,Rachma. Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An audit of data on energy subsidies, energy use and gender in Indonesia. International Institute for Sustainable Development, 2017. https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/gender-and-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-audit-data-energy-subsidies-energy-use-0.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Nurbani, |first1=Tara Laan,Niken Kusumawardhani,Rafiazka Hilman,Nila Warda,Rachma |title=Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An audit of data on energy subsidies, energy use and gender in Indonesia |publisher=International Institute for Sustainable Development |date=14 November 2017 |url=https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/gender-and-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-audit-data-energy-subsidies-energy-use-0 |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{nurbani2017gender, author = {Nurbani,, Tara Laan,Niken Kusumawardhani,Rafiazka Hilman,Nila Warda,Rachma}, title = {{Gender and Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An audit of data on energy subsidies, energy use and gender in Indonesia}}, institution = {International Institute for Sustainable Development}, year = {2017}, month = nov, url = {https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/gender-and-fossil-fuel-subsidy-reform-audit-data-energy-subsidies-energy-use-0}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }