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This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative explains debt-for-climate swaps, detailing how debt payments are redirected to fund domestic climate projects to reduce fiscal pressure and sovereign risk.

This guide outlines the use of public and private equity to catalyze climate investment. It highlights how concessional equity absorbs risk to attract commercial capital for high-risk projects, the fiscal implications for public entities, and the varying timelines for structuring fund-level, project-level, and sovereign equity investments.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative defines carbon finance as the policies, instruments, and markets used to reduce or offset greenhouse gas emissions through pricing or trading systems, including carbon taxes, credits, and border adjustments.

This guide describes the First and Second Loss Capital Facility, a credit enhancement tool designed to attract investment into high-risk climate sectors by using concessional or donor capital to absorb initial losses.

This guide explains risk pooling as a method to diversify portfolios and reduce reinsurance costs for disaster and nature risk management. It highlights that while full sovereign coverage can cost 0.5-1% of GDP, donor subsidies and diversified pools (like CCRIF) can significantly reduce these costs. The document also outlines the legal and budgetary requirements for implementation and provides timelines for membership, payouts, and pool creation.

This guide from the Climate Policy Initiative describes the use of securitized products—such as asset-backed securities (ABS) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs)—to mobilize finance for climate and energy transitions by pooling financial assets into tradable securities.

This fact sheet describes green bonds as fixed-income instruments earmarked for environmental projects, highlighting that energy and buildings receive the largest share of recent allocations (~30% each). It details the roles of institutional investors and MDBs—such as the World Bank and EIB—and outlines the technical requirements, costs (including a typical greenium of 2–5 bps), and timelines for issuing these instruments.

This guide defines grants as non-repayable transfers used for climate projects with low commercial potential, detailing three main types: development grants, technical assistance, and project preparation facilities. It identifies a wide range of providers from philanthropic organizations to multilateral banks and outlines the operational timelines and overhead costs associated with grant deployment, citing examples from Ethiopia and Rwanda.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and PUC-RIO analyzes the potential for carbon sequestration and economic growth in the Brazilian Amazon through forest restoration. It proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM) as a jurisdictional, results-based payment system to complement existing conservation funds, estimating that natural regeneration could capture up to 26 GtCO2 and mobilize significant international finance.

This executive summary by the Climate Policy Initiative and Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-RIO) argues for the central role of tropical forests in climate mitigation. It proposes a new financial architecture, specifically the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), to incentivize large-scale forest restoration and move tropical forests from being viewed as a climate risk to a climate solution.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative proposes a framework for quantifying investment needs to ensure Indonesia's energy transition is equitable, using the early retirement of the Cirebon 1 coal-fired power plant as a case study.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Amazon 2030 project analyzes the regulatory and institutional barriers hindering biodiversity-based biotechnology in Brazil, with a specific focus on the Amazon region. It identifies the Access and Benefit-Sharing (ABS) framework as a primary obstacle to innovation and investment, and suggests that the forthcoming National Bioeconomy Development Plan (PNDBIO) is a critical opportunity to integrate biotechnology into the national strategy.

This report analyzes adaptation finance for Small Island Developing States (SIDS), finding that current annual flows of just over USD 2 billion (0.2% of global climate finance) must increase six-fold to USD 12 billion to meet assessed needs. It highlights that 44% of this finance is debt-based, funding is highly concentrated among 10 SIDS, and there is a significant disparity between ODA-eligible and ODA-ineligible nations. The authors call for increased grants, a shift toward a multidimensional vulnerability index for eligibility, and improved tracking of both public and private finance.

This report by the Power Foundation of India (PFI) and the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) evaluates the potential of Agriphotovoltaics (Agri-PV)—the co-location of solar power and agriculture—to address land-use conflicts and enhance rural incomes in India. It provides economic modelling for Feed-in Tariffs, identifies regulatory barriers, and offers a comprehensive set of policy recommendations to scale the technology.

This document provides the technical annexes for a roadmap on climate finance for livestock in Latin America and the Caribbean. It details the methodologies used to evaluate investment risks and attributes, investor preferences, and the correlation between the two to determine investor suitability. The annexes also include modeling for capital composition across different financial and political scenarios and a detailed segmentation of the regional livestock market by geography and farm size.

This document provides the technical annexes for the 'Climate Finance Roadmap for Livestock in Latin America and the Caribbean.' It details the methodologies used to assess investment risks, investor preferences, and the resulting alignment between the two. The annexes also describe the modeling of capital composition across three scenarios—Business-as-Usual (BAU), Enhanced Financial Strategies (IFS), and Enhanced Financial and Policy Strategies (IFPS)—and provide detailed characteristics of livestock farming segments in Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, and other LAC countries.

This report analyzes the convergence of nature-based solutions (NbS) and climate adaptation and resilience (A&R) finance, highlighting a massive funding gap where annual nature flows (USD 200 billion) and adaptation funding for developing countries (gap of USD 194-366 billion) are insufficient. Through case studies like Forest Carbon in Southeast Asia and Wildfire Resilience Insurance in the US, the report demonstrates that NbS can reduce adaptation costs and lower insurance premiums. However, scaling these solutions is hindered by difficulties in impact measurement, a lack of standardized metrics, and perverse government subsidies totaling USD 1.8 trillion annually. The authors argue for a shift from reactive to preventive investment strategies and the development of credible, localized impact metrics to unlock private capital.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and the ClimateShot Investor Coalition (CLIC) provides a roadmap to scale climate finance for livestock systems in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). It identifies a massive funding gap, analyzes investment risks and investor preferences, and proposes financial and policy scenarios to transition toward sustainable livestock practices.

The IDFC Green Finance Mapping Report 2025 provides an executive summary of green finance commitments made by members of the International Development Finance Club (IDFC) in 2024. It details the distribution of climate and biodiversity finance, noting a 13% decrease in total green finance commitments compared to 2023, while highlighting the continued dominance of mitigation finance and the growth of adaptation finance.

The Indonesia Power Sector Finance Dashboard (October 2025) analyzes investment flows in Indonesia's power sector from 2019 to 2023. It highlights a significant gap between current investments and the USD 246 billion required to meet 2030 climate targets, noting that fossil fuel (FF) investments—particularly in captive power for industrial use—continue to dominate over renewable energy (RE). The report also examines the operational efficiency and funding of the state-owned utility PLN.