Search Climate Insights Directory

This pre-issuance verification letter, produced by Sustainalytics in 2018, confirms that KBC's green bond conforms to the Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Marine Renewable Energy, and Low Carbon Buildings criteria of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1. The bond's proceeds are intended to finance onshore wind parks in Wallonia and Flanders, offshore wind parks in the North Sea, an onshore solar project in Flanders, and residential mortgage loans for energy-efficient buildings in Flanders.

A fact sheet detailing the green bond issuance by Östersund Municipality in Sweden, including the use of proceeds for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects and its inclusion in the Climate Bonds database.

The Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (LACMTA) issued $556,850,000 in Proposition A First Tier Senior Sales Tax Revenue Bonds in October 2017. This includes $471,395,000 in Series 2017-A 'Green Bonds' for rail transit projects and $85,455,000 in Series 2017-B refunding bonds. The bonds are secured by a first lien on a one-half cent retail sales tax in Los Angeles County and carry high credit ratings (Moody’s Aa1, S&P AAA).

KPMG India provided an independent limited assurance statement for Power Finance Corporation Limited (PFC) regarding its Green Bond Framework. The statement confirms that the framework conforms, in all material respects, to the pre-issuance requirements of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1.

This document is an independent pre-issuance verification statement prepared by First Environment of California, Inc. for the Los Angeles County MTA (LACMTA). It confirms that the LACMTA's Proposition A First Tier Senior Sales Tax Revenue Bonds, Series 2017-A (Green Bonds) conform to the Climate Bonds Standard 2.1 and the Low Carbon Land Transport sector criteria for the purpose of funding public transport rail infrastructure.

A fact sheet detailing a NOK 750 million green bond issuance by Eidsiva Energi, a Norwegian municipally owned energy company, focused on renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.

The China Green Bond Market Mid Year Report 2017 details the growth and diversification of China's green bond market in the first half of 2017, highlighting a total issuance of USD 11.52bn and a shift toward non-bank issuers. The report outlines various policy updates, the emergence of green municipal bonds, and the alignment of Chinese bonds with international standards.

The China Green Bond Market Mid Year Report 2017, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative and the China Central Depository & Clearing Company, analyzes the growth, composition, and regulatory environment of China's green bond market during the first half of 2017.

This report by the Climate Bonds Initiative analyzes post-issuance reporting practices for green bonds issued before April 1, 2016. It evaluates the availability, frequency, and quality of reporting on the use of proceeds and environmental impact, comparing practices against market guidelines like the Green Bond Principles and the Climate Bonds Standard.

This Independent Assurance Statement, issued by KPMG India on 30 May 2017, provides limited assurance that the State Bank of India's Green Bond Framework conforms to the pre-issuance requirements of the Climate Bonds Standard Version 2.1.

An independent pre-issuance verification statement by First Environment, Inc. confirming that the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District's (BART) General Obligation Bonds (2017 Series A and 2017 Refunding Series E) conform to the Climate Bonds Standard 2.1 and Low Carbon Land Transport sector criteria.

This policy paper argues that green securitisation is a critical tool for financing fragmented, small-scale low-carbon assets in Europe. It identifies that while institutional demand for green investments is high, supply is hindered by a lack of standardised contracts, insufficient asset volumes per lender, and low credit ratings for new technologies. The authors propose a public sector agenda including the creation of green asset definitions, the establishment of financial warehouses (potentially via the EIB), the provision of credit enhancements, and the use of cornerstone investments by development banks and the ECB to scale the market.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains the structure and potential of Green Covered Bonds, highlighting their ability to provide low-cost, long-term financing for climate-friendly infrastructure and buildings through a 'Dual Recourse' mechanism.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines the progress of public policy regarding green bonds in 2016 and projections for 2017. It highlights the emergence of sovereign green bonds, the role of green bonds in financing Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and various innovative financial tools used by governments to attract private capital for climate infrastructure.

This fact sheet by the Climate Bonds Initiative outlines public sector activities and policy developments in the green bond market during 2016, emphasizing the role of governments in leveraging private capital to meet climate-aligned infrastructure needs.

This fact sheet by the Climate Bonds Initiative describes the use of Green City Bonds to finance climate-friendly urban infrastructure, highlighting market growth, specific regional examples such as Mexico City and the US, and various financing models for municipalities.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains how green asset-backed securities (ABS) can unlock financing for smaller carbon-saving projects by pooling non-liquid assets into tradable securities, thereby improving capital access and reducing costs.

This briefing paper by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains the structure of covered bonds and argues for their application to low-carbon finance. It highlights how the dual recourse structure of covered bonds—providing claims over both a dedicated asset pool and the issuer—can lower funding costs for banks and increase institutional investment in green infrastructure and energy-efficient buildings.

This briefing paper by the Climate Bonds Initiative explains how green securitisation—the process of pooling illiquid low-carbon assets into tradable securities—can unlock finance for small-scale climate projects. It highlights the growth of the green Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) market, identifies suitable asset classes, and provides policy recommendations for the public sector to scale these markets.

The 'Green Bonds Highlights 2016' fact sheet by the Climate Bonds Initiative reports that 2016 was a record-breaking year for the green bond market, with annual issuance aligned with international definitions reaching USD 81 billion. The document highlights the market's diversification across countries, issuer types, and sectors, noting the significant rise of China as a leading issuer and the emergence of sovereign green bonds, starting with Poland.