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This report provides a comparative analysis of global electricity tariff-setting methodologies, focusing on the process of determining revenue requirements and conducting Cost of Supply (CoS) studies. It examines various regulatory models—including rate-of-return, incentive-based, performance-based, and market-based pricing—and evaluates their effectiveness in balancing financial sustainability for utilities with affordability for consumers. The document concludes with specific recommendations for South Africa to modernize its tariff structures and revenue determination processes as it transitions toward a wholesale electricity market.

This briefing, prepared for the IFRC-DAG high-level meeting in November 2025, outlines key messages and recommendations from a report on strengthening locally led anticipatory action within the IFRC Network. It argues that while technical progress has been made, the shift toward local leadership is hindered by political factors, structural trade-offs between standardization and autonomy, and centralized funding and governance models.

This fact sheet describes green bonds as fixed-income instruments earmarked for environmental projects, highlighting that energy and buildings receive the largest share of recent allocations (~30% each). It details the roles of institutional investors and MDBs—such as the World Bank and EIB—and outlines the technical requirements, costs (including a typical greenium of 2–5 bps), and timelines for issuing these instruments.

The report examines how the European Union's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is incentivising exporting countries to establish domestic carbon pricing systems to retain revenues and reduce trade costs.

The report outlines the investment requirements for smart grid deployment across the ASEAN region to support clean energy integration. It estimates that ASEAN needs between $4 billion and $10.7 billion in investments, depending on the chosen pathway, to improve reliability, reduce curtailment, and enable regional power trade.

This report by Ember examines the critical role of grid reliability and modernization in sustaining the economic growth of the ASEAN region. It argues that while the region has made progress in reducing outage durations, the rapid expansion of variable renewable energy (VRE) requires a transition from basic grid modernization to 'smart grids' incorporating digital intelligence and demand-side flexibility to avoid significant economic losses and energy curtailment.

This report by Ember argues that smart grids are essential for ASEAN to integrate increasing shares of renewable energy, maintain industrial competitiveness, and reduce economic losses from power outages. It estimates that investments between $4 billion and $10.7 billion are required to modernize the region's power systems, which could in turn create up to 649,000 jobs and unlock $2.3 billion in annual economic value by 2040.

The report "The Forest-Climate Nexus" by Climate Policy Initiative/PUC-RIO proposes a new financial architecture to transform tropical forests from climate risks into solutions. It analyzes 91 countries, categorizing them by forest cover and deforestation rates, and introduces the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM) to incentivize large-scale forest restoration through jurisdictional, results-based payments for net carbon removals.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment executive summary reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation continuing at high levels despite international commitments. The document highlights a systemic failure to meet 2030 goals, driven by agricultural expansion and poor governance, while noting that current funding and corporate actions are insufficient to reverse the trend.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation rates failing to decline significantly. The document highlights a systemic failure where corporate commitments are insufficient, public and private financing is misaligned with conservation goals, and governance is undermined by power imbalances and illegal activities. While some national reforms and restoration efforts show promise, the report calls for systemic changes, mandatory regulations, and inclusive governance to meet 2030 targets.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment reports that global forests remain in crisis, with 8.1 million hectares lost in 2024 and primary tropical forest losses emitting 3.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. Deforestation is driven largely by permanent agriculture (86%), while forest degradation is accelerating, particularly in the Amazon. The report finds that corporate voluntary commitments are insufficient—only 3% of Forest 500 companies meet expectations—and public financing for forests (approx. $5.7 billion annually) is a fraction of the funding for harmful agricultural subsidies. Governance remains biased toward powerful interests, with 61-94% of tropical deforestation for agriculture estimated to be illegal. The assessment calls for systemic changes, including mandatory regulations, integrated landscape approaches, and inclusive decision-making involving indigenous peoples and local communities.

The 2025 Forest Declaration Assessment is an executive summary produced by a civil society coalition to monitor progress toward global forest goals. It concludes that the world is 'off track' to meet 2030 targets, citing continued large-scale deforestation, increasing forest degradation, and a significant gap between international commitments and actual implementation in governance, finance, and corporate behavior.

The Forest Declaration Assessment 2025 reports that global forests remain in crisis, with deforestation and degradation rates failing to decline significantly by the halfway point of the decade. The document highlights a systemic failure in corporate commitments, a drastic misalignment of public and private finance, and persistent governance barriers, while noting that inclusive, participatory approaches and specific national reforms offer potential pathways to recovery.

This report by Ember examines Thailand's need to accelerate its clean energy transition to maintain global competitiveness and support the growth of electric vehicle (EV) and data centre sectors. It highlights the tension between rising electricity demand from these sectors and the country's carbon reduction targets, suggesting that a clean power system is essential to attract foreign investment and meet the sustainability requirements of global tech companies.

The report proposes the Reversing Deforestation Mechanism (RDM), a results-based payment system designed to scale up tropical forest restoration through jurisdictional agreements. Unlike existing frameworks like JREDD+ and TFFF, which focus on halting deforestation and maintaining standing forests, RDM incentivizes net carbon removal by compensating jurisdictions for carbon captured through restoration minus emissions from deforestation and degradation. The report simulates the potential of RDM to transform tropical forests into high-impact climate assets, highlighting its potential to generate significant revenues and carbon sequestration, particularly in the Brazilian Amazon.

This report examines a toolkit of regulatory and economic policy instruments used to curb deforestation and promote forest restoration in tropical regions. It analyzes the effectiveness of command-and-control measures, financial incentives, and the critical role of land tenure security, while highlighting how political cycles and electoral incentives create risks for long-term conservation success.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative analyzes the scale and diversity of the forest-climate nexus across 91 tropical countries. It quantifies forest extent, carbon stocks, and deforestation rates to argue for differentiated, fit-for-purpose policy strategies rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. The analysis concludes that there is no inherent trade-off between forest conservation and economic development.

A solidarity letter from 154 civil society and Indigenous Peoples organizations across 28 countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa urging New York Governor Kathy Hochul to sign the TREES Act (Bill # A.9711/S.8898) into law to protect tropical forests.

This fact sheet by the World Resources Institute outlines the current state of the global circular economy, emphasizing the urgent need to reduce resource consumption to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. It highlights the disparity in material footprints between high- and low-income populations, the leadership and challenges of the European Union, and the stagnation of global resource productivity since 2000.

The China Energy Transition Review 2025 by Ember analyzes China's rapid shift toward clean energy and electrification, detailing how its domestic policies and manufacturing scale are driving down global costs and pushing global fossil fuel demand toward a structural decline.