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The 2021 Green Infrastructure Investment Opportunities report by the Climate Bonds Initiative identifies significant low-carbon investment potential in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). It details sector-specific opportunities in transport, energy, water, waste, buildings, and new infrastructure, while providing six strategic recommendations to mobilize private capital through green finance instruments and harmonized standards.

This policy brief, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative in partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank and commissioned by the Brazilian Ministry of Economy, explores how subnational consortia in Brazil can utilize innovative financial modeling to fund sustainable municipal infrastructure. It analyzes the legal barriers facing Brazilian municipalities, proposes the adoption of pooled financing mechanisms (MFGCs), and provides international case studies to support a green economic recovery.

This policy brief, prepared by the Climate Bonds Initiative and supported by the Inter-American Development Bank, examines the potential for Brazilian subnational consortia to use Pooled Finance Mechanisms (PFMs) to fund sustainable infrastructure. It identifies significant regulatory and financial barriers facing Brazilian municipalities and proposes updates to the legal framework and the adoption of blended finance models to attract private and international capital for climate-resilient projects.

This report by Ember evaluates the availability, quality, and transparency of timely electricity data across various countries in Asia and Oceania. It establishes a scoring framework based on eight criteria—including time granularity, fuel breakdown, and ease of access—to rank national data sources and identify gaps that hinder the tracking of the energy transition.

This policy brief examines the scale and structure of the illegal wildlife trade, the historical evolution of international regulatory frameworks—specifically CITES—and the emerging debate over whether a new, legally binding international instrument is needed to address wildlife crime and zoonotic disease risks in a post-COVID-19 world.

This briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the evolution of international efforts to combat the illegal wildlife trade, focusing on the role and limitations of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).

This report examines the growth of green banking in China, noting that while the 'Big Four' banks are major global funders of fossil fuels, there is a significant shift toward green finance driven by top-down government policy. Key findings include that green loans have lower non-performing loan rates (0.42%) than overall credit (1.83%) and that the PBoC uses monetary tools like the SLF and MLF to incentivize green lending. A case study of ICBC shows a green loan portfolio of 199 billion USD and leadership in 'Belt and Road' green bonds, though green activities remain a small fraction of its total balance sheet.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the role of green bonds and labelled loans in financing waste management and the circular economy. It highlights a significant investment gap, particularly in plastic waste management in Southeast Asia, and analyzes the market activity of corporate and municipal issuers globally, with a detailed focus on Japan's leadership in resource efficiency.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the increasing trend of states terminating old-generation bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to reform investment regimes. It details the legal mechanisms for termination under international law, analyzes common termination and survival clauses, and provides recommendations for states on how to manage the extinction of these treaties and draft new ones.

GSP Renewable Energy Pte Ltd, a Singapore-incorporated company, issued a USD15m unsecured green bond on July 30, 2019, to finance renewable energy projects in mainland China. The proceeds support distributed rooftop solar stations with a total capacity of 34.39MWp across Beijing, Shanghai, Suzhou, and Wuxi. The bond is listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange and is part of the company's Project Clover.

This fact sheet details a CNY 800 million (USD 114 million) green bond issued by Zhuhai Da Heng Qin Invest Co on November 27, 2019, intended to finance LEED Gold certified green buildings.

This fact sheet details a USD 300 million green bond issued by Jiangxi Provincial Water Conservancy Investment on December 5, 2019, with a three-year tenor and a coupon rate of 3.4%. The bond is listed on the Hong Kong Exchange under the HKQAA scheme and is intended to finance or refinance eligible green projects, including renewable energy, water and waste management, and land use.

Hitachi Capital Corporation issued a JPY10bn (USD89m) unsecured green bond on 28-Feb-2019 to finance solar PV and wind power projects in Japan. The funds are split between new loans (40%) and refinancing (60%). The issuer, which targets over 500MW of renewable capacity for 2018, will report on the allocation and environmental benefits annually.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative examines the use of green bonds to finance low-carbon buildings and energy efficiency globally, with a specific focus on opportunities for Japan. It details the role of various issuers, including property companies, banks, and governments, and highlights the significance of the green securitisation market.

The H1 2019 green bond market report by the Climate Bonds Initiative highlights HSBC as the leading global and emerging market underwriter and Euronext Amsterdam as the top listing venue. It notes that sovereign green bonds often outperform vanilla equivalents in book cover and spread compression, and identifies Agency green MBS and Solar/PACE ABS as primary drivers of green ABS issuance.

A fact sheet detailing a green bond issuance by Industrial Bank Co., Ltd. on November 20, 2018, which is the first Climate Bonds Certified Bond issued by a regional bank in China and the first such bond issued in Hong Kong.

In Q3 2018, China's green bond market saw 8.5 billion USD in issuances, with financial institutions accounting for 51% of the total. While the quarterly volume dipped slightly from 2017, the year-to-date total reached 21.5 billion USD. Renewable energy remained the top sector for funding, and 49% of the quarter's issuances aligned with international green bond definitions. The report also highlights a shift toward including underground utility tunnels in green classifications and updated criteria for hydropower projects.

The Climate Bonds Initiative's Q3 2018 report on the Chinese green bond market details a total issuance of USD 8.5 billion for the quarter, with a cumulative USD 21.5 billion for the first three quarters of 2018. The report highlights the dominance of financial corporates, the growth of local government financing vehicles, and the ongoing alignment challenges between Chinese and international green bond definitions.

This guide provides a set of recommended actions for regional governments to manage waste in a way that reduces greenhouse gas emissions and creates economic opportunities, focusing on organic waste diversion, open burn bans, and waste energy capture.

The Carbon-Free Regions Handbook: Industry provides a set of five strategic actions (Actions 15-19) designed to reduce the industrial sector's contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions, which currently account for 28% of the total.