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The Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy critiques the draft IPR chapter of the FTAA, noting that it fails to prohibit patents on life and includes proposals that tighten TRIPs standards. The statement highlights the removal of language regarding technology transfer and transparency, and notes the US push for UPOV implementation for plant patents.

This policy brief examines the conflict between international intellectual property (IP) rights and the protection of traditional knowledge and biological resources. It argues that the TRIPS Agreement fails to recognize traditional knowledge, contrasting it with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and advocates for the amendment of IP agreements to require disclosure of origin and benefit-sharing.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law and the International Rivers Network analyzes the establishment of the World Bank's Inspection Panel on September 21, 1993. The authors evaluate whether this new mechanism for citizens and NGOs to request investigations into Bank-funded projects truly increases accountability, highlighting concerns regarding the panel's independence from Bank leadership and its lack of public transparency.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law examines the World Bank's approach to governance, civil society, and human rights. It argues that the Bank's adherence to a narrow economic view of development, rooted in its Articles of Agreement, has led it to treat these critical social and political factors as mere instrumentalities for project goals rather than essential components of sustainable development.

This research paper examines the conceptual and legal intersections between international human rights law and international environmental law, focusing on the Inter-American System of Human Rights. The author argues that while the two regimes historically differed in approach—human rights being anthropocentric and environmental law oscillating between anthropocentric and biocentric—they are increasingly integrated. The document analyzes how human rights tools, such as precautionary measures and state responsibility for the acts of third parties, are used to protect environmental rights and reviews regional jurisprudence from the Inter-American, African, and European systems to illustrate the environmental dimensions of the rights to life, property, and information.

This research paper examines the push by developing countries to incorporate a mandatory disclosure of origin for biological resources and traditional knowledge into the TRIPS Agreement. This effort aims to prevent the misappropriation of genetic resources and ensure compatibility with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CDB). While there is growing consensus among many developing nations and some support from the European Union and Switzerland, opposition remains from the United States and Japan.

This research paper examines the intersection of international intellectual property (IP) rights, global trade, economic development, and environmental protection. It analyzes how IP regimes—specifically patents, copyrights, and trademarks—impact the transfer of environmentally sound technologies and the conservation of biological diversity, focusing on the tensions between industrialized nations (led by the US) and developing countries within frameworks like GATT, NAFTA, and the UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED).

This report chapter argues that secure tenurial rights are a fundamental prerequisite for successful community-based conservation (CBC). It contrasts the failures of state-owned 'public' tenure—which often leads to 'open access' degradation—with the effectiveness of community-based systems that derive legitimacy from local participants. The authors advocate for the state recognition of community perimeters to protect biodiversity and prevent the disenfranchisement of rural populations by domestic and international elites.

This guide, published by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) in November 1997, provides instructions for citizens on how to utilize the World Bank's Inspection Panel. It explains the Panel's role as an independent mechanism to hold the World Bank accountable for violations of its own operational policies and procedures, particularly regarding social and environmental impacts.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law outlines several reform options for Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) to be considered by UNCITRAL Working Group III. The document argues that current ISDS mechanisms are asymmetrical, often ignoring state obligations and public interest, and proposes alternatives such as multilateral treaty termination, the allowance of state counterclaims, public interest carve-outs, 'clean hands' clauses for investors, the requirement to exhaust local remedies, and expanded third-party access to proceedings.

This briefing by the Center for International Environmental Law examines the adoption of webcasting in judicial proceedings, detailing the motivations for its use, the benefits it provides, and the associated technical and financial concerns. It specifically highlights the lag in webcasting adoption within international economic dispute settlement bodies compared to other domestic and international courts.

This statement from the Center for International Environmental Law argues that the World Health Organization (WHO) must actively analyze and intervene in the intellectual property (IP) provisions of bilateral and regional free trade agreements (FTAs). The document asserts that these agreements often impose standards that exceed the TRIPS Agreement, potentially undermining the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public Health and restricting access to affordable medicines in developing countries.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) provides observations on the first draft of the World Intellectual Property Organization's (WIPO) response to a request from the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). CIEL argues that WIPO must recognize the CBD's leading role in biodiversity issues and ensure that international intellectual property rules are modified to prevent the misappropriation of genetic resources and traditional knowledge through mandatory disclosure requirements.

This guide by the Climate Bonds Initiative provides a regulatory and operational framework for foreign entities wishing to issue Green Panda Bonds—RMB-denominated bonds issued in mainland China with proceeds dedicated to green assets or projects.

This briefing by the Climate Bonds Initiative, produced for COP22, analyzes the growth and governance of the green bond market. It highlights the shift toward private sector issuance, the increasing role of emerging markets like China, and the necessity of reaching USD 1 trillion in annual green emissions by 2020 to support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement.

The Climate Bonds Initiative provides capacity building programmes and training courses designed to accelerate the shift of capital toward climate-aligned investment through interactive, practical, and tailored learning.

DNV GL verified that Nordex SE's proposed Green Bond, intended to raise up to €500 million for refinancing existing green debt (€412.5m) and developing the Delta4000 wind turbine (€87.5m), complies with the pre-issuance requirements of the Climate Bond Standard version 2.1. The assets involved are dedicated to wind energy manufacturing and assembly across Germany, Brazil, India, and Spain.

The Healthy NDC Scorecard is a visual tool designed to evaluate whether national climate commitments (NDCs) are sufficient to protect human health, measuring them against the Paris Agreement and science-aligned targets.

This briefing by the Global Climate and Health Alliance outlines the synergies between combating climate change and preventing non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It argues that interventions in energy, transport, and food systems can provide 'co-benefit' solutions that simultaneously reduce greenhouse gas emissions and NCD risk factors such as air pollution, physical inactivity, and poor diet.

This policy brief by the Global Climate and Health Alliance explores the intersection between climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs), arguing that interventions to mitigate climate change offer significant 'co-benefits' for public health. The document advocates for multisectoral government action and a whole-of-society approach to integrate health priorities into climate plans and vice versa, focusing on energy, transport, and food systems.