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The report examines how national trade policy processes in six diverse countries affect the legitimacy and effectiveness of international trade negotiations. It argues that transparent and participatory domestic processes are essential for aligning trade policy with sustainable development goals, preventing the capture of policy by narrow elites, and ensuring that the needs of growth, environment, and social cohesion are considered. The text analyzes various consultation mechanisms—ranging from inter-departmental and business-focused to multistakeholder and parliamentary oversight—and highlights the tension between the need for negotiating secrecy and the demand for democratic accountability.

The document details the transition of public finance institutions away from fossil fuel investments, highlighting the role of G20 governments and multilateral development banks in implementing restrictions on coal, oil, and gas financing to align with the Paris Agreement.

The document provides a framework for diverting individuals from far-right extremism through four primary strategies: promoting contact across community divides, providing alternative activities, implementing tailored educational programmes, and engaging in direct dialogue on difficult issues. It emphasizes that effective prevention requires non-judgemental marketing, experiential learning over simple fact-sharing, and the creation of safe environments where grievances can be heard before being challenged. The guide illustrates these methods through case studies from Hungary, Poland, Sweden, the UK, Germany, Norway, and the Netherlands, highlighting the importance of humanising anti-racism education and empowering youth to challenge their peers.

The report finds that while the EU Code of Practice on Disinformation (CoPD) led to some progress in political advertising transparency, its overall effectiveness was undermined by its self-regulatory nature and lack of enforcement mechanisms. Analysis of Facebook, Google, and Twitter reveals significant gaps in data integrity, the persistence of inauthentic account networks, and limited data access for independent researchers. The author argues that voluntary self-regulation is insufficient and recommends a systemic regulatory approach focused on computational transparency across content moderation, advertising, complaints, and algorithms.

The Institute for Security Studies and partners hosted a workshop in October 2010 to discuss the balance between national security and the right to information, specifically focusing on the redrafted Protection of Information Bill in South Africa.

The document examines the breach of arms control systems during the Libyan conflict, specifically focusing on France and Qatar's admission of supplying arms to rebels. It highlights the failure of end-user monitoring and the potential violation of contractual obligations, noting that Qatar may have re-exported arms sourced from the US and other nations, including Swiss ammunition. The author notes the inconsistent international response and the silence of South Africa regarding these transfers despite its own claims of being a responsible arms exporter.

The document discusses the paradigm shift within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) regarding the link between stability and economic development. It highlights that member states, including some of the world's poorest nations, recognize that investment and growth require peace and democracy. This recognition has led to the creation of the Organ for Defence, Politics and Security to focus on conflict mediation, preventive diplomacy, and peacekeeping, signaling a move away from absolute sovereignty toward legitimate scrutiny of internal affairs.

The report examines the challenges facing Kenya's constitutional devolution, specifically the 'unfettered power' of members of county assemblies (MCAs). It details how MCAs have used ambiguous impeachment thresholds in the Constitution and the County Government Act to blackmail county officials and engage in political extortion. The document also highlights significant financial irregularities, citing the misuse of billions of shillings in sitting allowances, travel, and vehicle purchases, while personnel emoluments far exceeded development allocations in the 2013 fiscal year. The authors call for urgent reforms to the devolution architecture and the impeachment process to prevent political elites from subverting public service delivery.

The research argues that the political weight of a diaspora is not determined by its size or the volume of remittances, but rather by the structure and organization of the home state. In Cape Verde, a state-led effort to organize the diaspora and the adoption of democratic reforms allowed migrants to exert influence through voting and parliamentary representation. In contrast, the Comores' fragmented state and diaspora, and Lesotho's reliance on South African labor without state-led reintegration, resulted in limited political influence for their respective migrant communities. The document highlights that while remittances provide economic survival, they cannot be used as diplomatic leverage like foreign aid, and often reinforce existing social inequalities rather than disrupting them.

The author contends that current African Union (AU) reparations instruments lack a comprehensive definition, which allows critics to dismiss the movement by focusing on individual measures like monetary compensation. To address this, the document proposes a framework based on five elements: authoritative historical accounts of injustice, unconditional apologies that acknowledge responsibility, broad reparative measures (including debt relief and technology transfer), a relational approach to reconciliation, and a global justice perspective that addresses the enduring structural impacts of slavery and colonialism on the international order.

The report details how the cashew boom in Côte d'Ivoire has transformed diverse savannas into 'green deserts,' leading to significant primary forest loss and threatening endangered species like the Western chimpanzee. It highlights a dangerous trade-off where increased cash income from cashews has replaced traditional food crops, leaving rural households vulnerable to market crashes and food insecurity. Additionally, it documents health risks for factory workers, primarily women, who suffer caustic burns from cashew nut shell oil. The authors call for full supply chain traceability and stricter regulations in consuming markets like the US and EU to prevent deforestation-linked imports.

Mighty Earth's Deforestation Tracker identifies significant land clearance linked to major Brazilian agribusiness traders, specifically highlighting JBS, Cargill, and Bunge as poor performers. The report details how these companies supply supermarkets in the US, UK, Germany, France, and the Netherlands, and urges retailers to implement strict no-deforestation policies and shift sourcing to better-performing traders.

The document provides a comprehensive framework for Senegalese communities to understand climate change, assess their vulnerabilities, and take 'climate action' through legal empowerment. It details the specific climate risks facing Senegal, lists international and national legal obligations, and provides a step-by-step toolkit for advocacy, information access, and litigation.

The fact sheet compares the climate strategies of eleven major asset owners, detailing their Net Zero targets, interim emissions reduction goals, and specific exclusions of fossil fuels. It highlights varying levels of Scope 3 reporting and tracks financial commitments to climate solutions, with some investors like CDPQ and NYC Funds reporting significant progress or exceeding their targets.

The authors argue that traditional dyadic analysis of international conflict often ignores spatial dependence, where the risk of conflict in one pair of states is influenced by the status of other linked pairs. They introduce new measures for 'third-party' and 'fourth-party' alliance ties, as well as a theory of geographic 'inbetweenness,' to demonstrate that dyads linked to ongoing disputes through these pathways are significantly more likely to experience conflict onset. Using data from 1950-1992, the study finds that these extra-dyadic factors provide a substantially better fit for predicting conflict than purely dyadic models.

The document examines migrant transnationalism—the ties and practices migrants maintain across borders—across economic, sociocultural, and political dimensions. It advocates for a 'transnational lens' to move beyond 'methodological nationalism,' which assumes the nation-state is the only relevant unit of analysis. Key areas of focus include the role of remittances, the impact of digital technologies on 'co-presence,' the dynamics of transnational families, and the interaction between transnational engagement and integration into host societies. The authors argue that transnationalism is not a zero-sum game with integration and can provide significant 'mobility capital' and resources for migrants.

The document examines the contested nature of 'power sharing,' noting that it is often implemented as a tool for conflict resolution but yields contradictory results in research. It identifies four primary types of power sharing: political, military, territorial, and economic. The author argues that findings vary based on whether researchers view power sharing as a means to achieve stable democracy (consociationalism) or as a tool for postconflict conflict management. While some studies suggest inclusive institutions prolong peace by addressing rebel security concerns, others argue they reward violence, strengthen ethnic divisions, and hinder democratic accountability by marginalizing opposition.

The research paper examines a divergence in Catholic thought during the 1930s regarding the validity of just war doctrine in the face of evolving international law. One approach, represented by the Fribourg Conventus, argued that traditional just war doctrine was superseded by international law and the 'natural sociability of states,' advocating for a narrow definition of 'legitimate defense' as the only permissible use of force. Conversely, Robert Regout argued for the permanent applicability of just war theory to provide a normative foundation for international law, allowing for the redress of objective injustice. The author concludes that the Fribourg Conventus's perspective—specifically the move away from 'just war' terminology toward 'legitimate defense' and the rejection of offensive war—is reflected in the teachings of Popes Pius XII, Paul VI, and John Paul II.

The document demands that AXA cease providing insurance for new oil and gas projects, divest from unconventional hydrocarbons, and adopt a stricter definition of the Arctic region. It specifically calls for AXA to vote against Total's climate strategy, divest from Fortum due to pro-coal lobbying, and implement an exclusion policy for soy traders linked to deforestation in the Cerrado.

Reclaim Finance critiques the ACPR's climate pilot exercise, warning that the exclusion of solvency requirements, the use of a dynamic balance sheet, and the focus on extreme weather events over chronic risks may artificially reduce measured climate risks. The organization recommends including the year 2030 in projections, expanding the geographic scope beyond France, Europe, and the US, and conducting a more granular analysis of the fossil fuel sector.