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The document argues for the urgent development of domestic geological CO2 storage in France to avoid long transport routes and high costs. It recommends implementing Carbon Contracts for Difference (CCfD) to incentivize industrial adoption, accelerating the timeline for projects like Pycasso, and adopting a regulated infrastructure model similar to the UK's to ensure open access for diverse industrial emitters. While acknowledging CO2 utilization (CCU), it prioritizes permanent geological storage for maximum climate impact.

North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany's most CO2-intensive state, requires a carbon management strategy to reach climate neutrality by 2045. Even with maximum reduction measures, industrial point sources will emit 7 Mt of CO2 annually by 2045, rising to 35 Mt if biomass with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) is used. The state has identified two primary carbon management clusters—the Rhine Cluster (chemicals, steel, lime) and the Westphalia Cluster (cement, lime)—and is exploring storage options in the Netherlands and Norway.

The document highlights that just 1% of Russia's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 6,704 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 1,783,308 GWh. While unlikely to meet 2030 climate goals, this technology could theoretically replace all coal and gas in Russia's electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 834 megatonnes of CO2eq. The report emphasizes the technology's low land footprint (12 km² per 1 GW) and its ability to leverage Russia's existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Rwanda's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 41 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 973 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all fossil fuels used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 0.3 megatonnes of CO2eq and decreasing dependence on coal imports from Tanzania. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is presented as a highly land-efficient energy source requiring only 12 km² per 1 GW, compared to significantly higher requirements for solar, wind, and biomass.

The document highlights that just 1% of Saudi Arabia's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 1,172 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 499,142 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace all fossil fuels used in the electricity sector, reducing emissions by approximately 250 megatonnes of CO2eq, while requiring significantly less land than solar, wind, or biomass. Additionally, it suggests the sector could leverage existing subsurface expertise from the oil and gas industry and support large-scale desalination.

The document highlights that just 1% of Serbia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 23 GW of energy capacity, generating over 195,481 GWh of electricity. This amount is five times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 30 megatonnes of CO2eq. Such a transition would enhance energy security by reducing dependence on imports of coal (10%), natural gas (79%), and electricity (18%). Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power to the grid.

The document highlights Somalia's significant superhot rock geothermal resources, noting that just 1% of this endowment could provide 241 GW of energy capacity. It argues that this technology could replace Somalia's current reliance on expensive diesel generators, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and lower electricity costs, which were approximately USD 1.0 per kWh in Mogadishu as of 2020. Additionally, the report emphasizes the low land-use footprint of superhot rock geothermal compared to other energy sources and its potential to create jobs and attract foreign investment.

The document outlines the potential for superhot rock geothermal energy in South Dakota, noting that just 1% of the state's estimated resource could provide 49 GW of capacity, which is 30 times the state's 2023 electricity consumption. It argues that superhot rock geothermal is a viable global energy source because it does not require natural underground water sources and provides carbon-free firm power with a significantly lower land footprint than solar, wind, or biomass.

The document highlights that just 1% of South Korea's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 50 GW of capacity, meeting 68% of its 2021 electricity demand and potentially replacing 48% of its coal imports. It argues that this energy-dense, 24/7 renewable source could significantly reduce carbon emissions and land-use requirements compared to other energy technologies.

The document highlights the immense potential of superhot rock geothermal energy in South Sudan, noting that just 1% of its estimated resource could provide 240 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 581 GWh and its 2030 NDC goal of 2,729.5 MW of renewables. It argues that this technology offers a low land-use footprint, provides reliable 24/7 power, and could foster economic growth and job creation, although it is unlikely to reach commercial scale in time for 2030 targets.

The document highlights that just 1% of Spain's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 229 GW of energy capacity, potentially replacing all coal and gas used for electricity production and reducing emissions by approximately 41 megatonnes of CO2eq.

The document highlights Sudan's significant superhot rock geothermal resources, noting that just 1% of this potential could vastly exceed the country's 2021 electricity consumption. It argues that this energy source offers a low land-use footprint, provides reliable 24/7 power, and could eventually support Sudan's low-carbon energy strategy and economic growth, although it will not reach commercial scale in time to meet 2030 NDC goals.

The document highlights the significant superhot rock geothermal resources in Svalbard, noting that just 1% of this resource could provide 97 GW of energy capacity. It argues that this technology offers a land-efficient, firm power alternative to fossil fuels and other renewables, potentially aiding Longyearbyen's goal of reaching zero emissions.

The document highlights that just 1% of Switzerland's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 20 GW of energy capacity, generating over 167,836 GWh of electricity. This amount is more than three times the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 66,039 GWh. Utilizing this resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes, which represents 10% of Switzerland's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. Additionally, the technology could eliminate the need for all natural gas and electricity imports, improving energy independence. Superhot rock geothermal is noted for its high energy density, requiring roughly 12 km² of land per 1 GW, significantly less than solar (180 km²), natural gas (160 km²), offshore wind (520 km²), or biomass (14,000 km²).

The briefing assesses synthetic natural gas (SNG), produced from electrolytic hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide, concluding it is an inefficient decarbonization tool. While SNG can utilize existing natural gas infrastructure, its production is energy-intensive and costly, with landed costs in Northwest Europe estimated at 4 to 9 times the wholesale price of natural gas. The author contends that SNG creates a 'value trap' by consuming clean hydrogen that should be prioritized for sectors where no other decarbonization options exist. Furthermore, the document notes that replacing 20% of 2023 EU LNG imports with SNG would require approximately 12 million tons of clean hydrogen and roughly 17% of total U.S. electricity production.

The document highlights that just 1% of Syria's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 194 GW of energy capacity, generating over 1,613,788 GWh of electricity. This amount is 95 times the country's 2021 electricity consumption and could theoretically replace all fossil fuels used for electricity production, supporting Syria's Nationally Determined Contribution goal of 10% renewable power by 2030. The technology is described as a land-efficient, 24/7 energy source that could reduce Syria's dependence on coal imports, primarily from Turkey, and provide raw energy for desalination and hydrogen production.

The document highlights that just 1% of Tajikistan's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 68 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 20,719 GWh. This resource could potentially replace all coal, natural gas, and electricity imports, reducing electricity sector carbon emissions by approximately 2 megatonnes, which represents 32% of Tajikistan's Nationally Determined Contribution goal. While not expected to reach commercial scale by 2030, the technology is presented as a way to complement hydropower and improve air quality by reducing fossil fuel combustion.

The document highlights that just 1% of Tanzania's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 31 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 8,665 GWh. While unlikely to meet 2030 climate goals, the technology could replace all coal and gas in electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes of CO2eq. The report emphasizes the technology's low land footprint (12 km² per 1 GW) and its potential to address energy poverty for the 80-90% of Tanzanians lacking electricity access.

The document argues that superhot rock geothermal could be a gamechanger for Texas's energy grid, noting that just 1% of the state's resource could meet 50% of its 2023 electricity consumption. It emphasizes the technology's low land footprint and its ability to leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise.

The document highlights that just 1% of Thailand's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 294 GW of energy capacity, potentially replacing all coal and gas used for electricity production and reducing emissions by approximately 82 megatonnes of CO2eq. It argues that this technology offers a low land-use footprint and a reliable 24/7 power source that could significantly reduce Thailand's dependence on energy imports from Myanmar, Qatar, and Indonesia.