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The report assesses decarbonisation strategies for refineries across four major regions, focusing on Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions. It evaluates technologies such as carbon capture, blue and green hydrogen, and the transition to biorefineries (specifically the HEFA process) or clean fuels facilities. Regional analysis shows that while the US and GCC benefit from cheap natural gas for blue hydrogen, Europe is trending toward green hydrogen imports and biorefinery revamps. Singapore's strategy is heavily influenced by its status as a global trading hub and its lack of domestic natural gas or carbon storage resources. The report concludes that energy efficiency projects are generally the most immediate and viable, while large-scale carbon capture and hydrogen transitions require significant policy support and infrastructure development to be economically feasible.

Reclaim Finance claims that ArcelorMittal uses the low-carbon recycled steel of the Paris 2024 Olympic flame to mask a global strategy that continues to build coal-fired blast furnaces. The organization highlights that four major French banks—BNP Paribas, Crédit Agricole, Société Générale, and BPCE—provided nearly 13 billion US$ to the company between 2016 and June 2023, urging them to adopt stricter sectoral policies to end financing for new coal-based steel projects and the companies that develop them.

Reclaim Finance criticizes ArcelorMittal for using the Paris 2024 Olympic flame, made from recycled steel, to mask a broader business strategy that relies on coal for 71% of its production and the use of carbon capture technologies. The report highlights that between 2016 and June 2023, four French banks—Crédit Agricole, BNP Paribas, Société Générale, and BPCE—provided nearly $12 billion in financing to the steelmaker. The author calls for these banks to adopt robust sectoral policies to restrict financing for new blast furnaces and companies developing metallurgical coal projects.

Over 400 civil society organizations are calling on the Council of Europe to establish a binding legal framework for the right to a healthy environment. While 42 of the 46 Member States already protect this right via national laws or the Aarhus Convention, the European Convention on Human Rights lacks an explicit autonomous right. The authors argue that an additional protocol would provide legal clarity for the European Court of Human Rights, protect environmental defenders, and address the 'triple planetary crisis' of pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss.

The report finds that the aligned GSS+ debt market reached a cumulative volume of USD 4.4 trillion by the end of 2023. Green bonds remain the dominant theme, with 2023 aligned volume reaching USD 587.6 billion, while sustainability and social bonds saw year-on-year declines. Conversely, aligned SLB volume grew by 95% to USD 22.9 billion. Europe was the largest source of aligned GSS+ debt in 2023, while the USA experienced a 38% decline due to anti-ESG sentiment. The report also highlights the growth of 'blue-labelled' debt and the increasing role of sovereign issuers in the GSS+ market.

The report outlines a framework for a Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty based on three foundational values: justice, rights, and the public good. It details a vision for a post-fossil fuel future characterised by self-determination and thriving ecosystems, while identifying risks such as 'false solutions' and 'treaty fatigue'. The document proposes operationalising the treaty through national laws, regional energy sovereignty, and global targets based on historic responsibility and the 'polluter pays' principle.

The document proposes a shift in South Africa's TVET sector from a jobs-centric model to a 'wellbeing economy' framework to support the emerging green hydrogen (GH2) sector. It advocates for 'skills governance'—integrating foresight, planning, and anticipation—to address unemployment and inequality. Key recommendations include establishing a skills governance working group, creating green economy skills incubator hubs, adopting innovative financing like social impact bonds, and implementing a Universal Basic Dividend (UBD) to redistribute wealth from common resources used in GH2 projects.

The 2024 update of the Living Planet Index for migratory freshwater fishes reveals a catastrophic global decline of 81% in population abundance from 1970 to 2020. The report identifies habitat degradation, loss, and overexploitation as the primary drivers of these declines, with the most severe regional losses occurring in Latin America & Caribbean (-91%) and Europe (-75%). While managed populations declined less than unmanaged ones, the report highlights a mismatch between the prevalence of habitat-related threats and the dominance of fisheries-focused management.

The January 2024 pause on non-FTA LNG export authorizations affects 88.9 million tonnes per annum (mtpa) of proposed capacity, representing one-quarter of all U.S. export capacity in development. The briefing argues that this pause curbs an overbuild of LNG infrastructure without harming Europe's energy security, as U.S. export capacity is still expected to increase by over 50% through 2026 from unaffected projects, while European gas demand is forecast to decline.

The authors argue that Canada requires $140 billion in annual investment to reach net zero, but attracting this private capital requires greater policy certainty. They propose three specific measures: establishing a green and transition taxonomy, providing confidence in the industrial carbon price through carbon contracts for difference, and developing a clean electricity grid as envisioned by the Clean Electricity Regulations to remain competitive against other jurisdictions and avoid carbon-related border adjustments.

The document describes a systematic map of 227 articles evaluating public policy interventions for sustainable food consumption, finding a heavy reliance on non-intrusive instruments and a significant geographic bias toward high-income countries.

Reclaim Finance criticizes ENGIE's Climate Plan for failing to commit to a non-expansion of fossil fuels, specifically noting LNG contracts extending beyond 2040. The analysis argues that ENGIE's reliance on technologies like hydrogen and CCUS, combined with insufficient renewable energy growth, risks locking the company into fossil infrastructure and missing net-zero targets before 2045.

Reclaim Finance criticizes ENGIE's Climate Plan for failing to align with a 1.5°C trajectory, citing continued gas expansion, reliance on unproven technologies like CCUS and hydrogen, and a net-zero target date of 2045 that lags behind IEA recommendations.

The briefing criticizes ENGIE's 2025 climate plan for lacking a phase-out date for fossil gas and continuing expansion through new plants and long-term LNG contracts. While noting a slight increase in renewable energy targets to 95 GW by 2030, the author argues that ENGIE remains on a 'well below 2°C' trajectory rather than 1.5°C, citing a decarbonization goal of 2045 that contradicts IEA Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenarios. The document also highlights that CAPEX for fossil technologies remains nearly stable between the 2024-2026 and 2025-2027 periods and warns that reliance on 'green gases' and carbon credits may perpetuate fossil systems.

Reclaim Finance argues that ArcelorMittal is hindering the transition from coal by investing in new and existing blast furnaces, including a joint venture in India with Nippon Steel. The organization highlights that less than half of the company's decarbonization projects can produce steel without fossil fuels and notes that the company's Head of European Operations has described green hydrogen as too expensive despite receiving subsidies. Reclaim Finance calls on shareholders to hold the board and management accountable by integrating climate considerations into strategic routine votes, such as director re-election and remuneration, to oppose metallurgical coal-based activities.

Reclaim Finance calls on ArcelorMittal shareholders to use the April 30, 2024, annual general meeting to oppose the company's continued investment in coal-based blast furnaces and its lack of a clear decarbonization strategy. The organization highlights that ArcelorMittal continues to extend the life of existing coal furnaces and invest in new ones, specifically in India via a joint venture with Nippon Steel. It further notes that less than half of the company's decarbonization projects can produce steel without fossil fuels, and expresses concern over the viability of green hydrogen projects in Europe due to cost. Reclaim Finance recommends that investors integrate climate concerns into routine strategic votes, including director re-election and executive remuneration, to hold management accountable for fossil-fuel-based plans.

The document argues that Poland, as Europe's third largest hydrogen producer, must transition from carbon-intensive production to a clean hydrogen economy to decarbonise its industrial and transportation sectors. It recommends prioritising 'no regrets' sectors, adopting a technology-neutral production approach, and carefully planning imports via pipelines or ammonia to manage limited domestic resources.

The policy brief highlights a disconnect between European transmission system operator (TSO) grid plans and actual energy policy targets or market outlooks. It argues that current regulatory requirements, which force TSOs to rely on outdated national legislation, lead to under-planned capacity and increased grid congestion. The author recommends that the European Commission provide guidance on anticipatory planning and that national regulators expand their oversight to assess the adequacy of grid plans beyond mere cost implications.

The report examines the role of sustainable debt in transitioning the agri-food sector to net-zero, highlighting the need for finance to reach smallholder farmers. It introduces new Climate Bonds Sector Criteria for Agriculture Production and Deforestation and Conversion Free (DCF) Sourcing to standardize green activities. The analysis reveals that while sovereign issuers dominate the AFOLU sustainable debt market, there is a critical need for more material KPIs beyond scope 3 GHG emissions and greater transparency in the loan market to scale impactful investments.

The report identifies a critical need to accelerate building renovations in Europe, noting that approximately 97% of the region's building stock requires upgrades to meet 2050 net-zero targets. It argues that while the EU's 'Fit for 55' package and the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) provide a foundation, additional policy interventions are needed to unlock private capital and overcome financial and non-financial barriers. The document details 20 specific policy levers, including the implementation of Minimum Energy Performance Standards (MEPS), the phasing out of fossil-fuel subsidies by 2040, and the adoption of 'Building Renovation Passports'. It emphasizes the role of green bonds and mortgages, suggesting a voluntary EU-wide definition for green mortgages to improve data collection and risk management. The report also advocates for the electrification of heating via heat pumps over hydrogen blending and highlights the importance of addressing 'Whole Life Carbon' (WLC) in construction.