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An address by Ambassador Akuei Malwal of the Sudanese Embassy in Ethiopia, delivered at an Institute for Security Studies seminar on July 24, 2008. The speech argues that the International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor's request for an arrest warrant against President Omer Hassan Ahmed El Bashir is politically motivated, violates state sovereignty, and threatens the fragile peace processes in Sudan.

The author argues that the conflict in Darfur is not a genocide but a complex extension of Sudan's southern civil war, driven by political rifts within the government and opposition. The paper critiques the racialization of the conflict as 'Arab' versus 'African' and warns against US military intervention or punitive sanctions, advocating instead for the completion of the Naivasha peace process and the application of consistent international human rights standards across Africa and globally.

This research paper by Romy Chevallier of the South African Institute of International Affairs analyzes the shift in French foreign policy toward Africa under President Nicolas Sarkozy. It describes a transition from 'la Françafrique'—characterized by colonial ties and personal relationships with corrupt elites—toward a multilateral 'Eurafrique' model based on economic partnerships and European integration.

This research paper examines the evolving economic and political relationship between China and Africa following a strategic partnership summit. It analyzes the tensions between China's rapid investment and development goals and the emerging concerns in Africa regarding colonial-style economic ties, labor standards, and the risk of deindustrialization.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the concept of human security, specifically within the African context. It argues that human security must prioritize the individual over the state, focusing on the satisfaction of basic needs and the achievement of 'freedom from want' and 'freedom from fear' to address the continent's pervasive suffering and instability.

This briefing from the Institute for Security Studies evaluates the fragile implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Sudan as of May 2007. It details significant failures in security arrangements, the lack of a functioning population census, and the political tensions between the National Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) ahead of planned national elections.

This research paper by Jakkie Cilliers of the Institute for Security Studies examines the relationship between the United Nations (UN) and the African Union (AU) regarding peace and security. It argues against a 'layered response'—where the AU assumes primary responsibility for peacekeeping to reduce UN costs—and instead advocates for an 'interlocking system' of shared logistics, staffing, and strategic management to ensure sustainable conflict prevention and reconstruction in Africa.

The National Chairman's Annual Statement 2007 from the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) discusses South Africa's role as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council and the challenges of balancing its aspirational, human-rights-based foreign policy with the realities of global realpolitik.

This research paper examines the conflict between the African Union's (AU) commitment to democracy and its rotational system for selecting the annual chairmanship, specifically regarding Sudan's claim to the position in 2007. The author argues that appointing Omar al-Bashir, amidst the Darfur crisis, would damage the AU's international credibility and operational effectiveness.

This report by Ayesha Kajee of the South African Institute of International Affairs analyzes the failure of the Darfur Peace Agreement (DPA) and the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Darfur, Sudan. It details the inadequacy of the African Union (AU) peacekeeping mission, the Sudanese government's resistance to UN intervention, and the complex drivers of the conflict, including ethnic tensions and the politics of natural resources.

This briefing by the Institute for Security Studies examines the state of Sudan eighteen months after the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) on 5 January 2005. It analyzes the fragility of the alliance between the National Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudanese Peoples Liberation Movement (SPLM), the impact of Dr. John Garang's death on the 'New Sudan' vision, and the critical challenges regarding the demarcation of the Abyei boundary. The document highlights how peripheral regions like Darfur and the Beja area continue to experience instability, threatening the overall implementation of the peace process.

The National Chairman's Annual Statement 2006 from the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes the shifting global balance of power, the rise of emerging economies in the South, and the specific geopolitical and economic challenges facing Africa and South Africa.

This research paper examines the challenges faced by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in implementing UN Security Council resolution 1593 to investigate crimes in Darfur. The author argues that the ICC's success is heavily dependent on the political will and cooperation of the Sudanese government, which has historically obstructed investigators and resisted the deployment of a UN peacekeeping force.

This research paper, written by Commander Seth Appiah-Mensah, evaluates the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) in Darfur as of March 2006. It analyzes the mission's achievements in humanitarian stability and political mediation against significant challenges, including a restrictive mandate, chronic funding shortages, and a volatile security environment exacerbated by cross-border tensions with Chad. The author argues for a transition to a United Nations mission to ensure sustainable funding and a more robust mandate for the protection of civilians.

This inaugural address by the National Director of the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) argues that Africa's development depends on internal accountability, leadership, and a shift away from aid-dependency. The author highlights the rise of China and India as shifting global power dynamics and urges African states to implement industrial strategies to avoid a new 'scramble' for raw materials. The speech emphasizes the role of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) and the need for a vibrant civil society to hold governments accountable.

This 2005 monograph analyzes the African Union's (AU) efforts to implement the 'Responsibility to Protect' (R2P) framework. While the AU has demonstrated political will through missions in Burundi (AMIB) and Darfur (AMIS), it faces severe financial, logistical, and capacity constraints. The author argues that international donors, including the G8 and EU, tend to over-emphasize military response capabilities over long-term conflict prevention. The report highlights the AU's shift toward conditional sovereignty and the development of the African Standby Force (ASF) as key components of a new continental security regime.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the precarious security situation in southern Sudan following the May 2004 IGAD framework agreement. It argues that widespread breaches of existing security agreements, a profound lack of trust between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), and the failure of monitoring mechanisms threaten the long-term viability of the peace process.

This research paper analyzes the IGAD Peace Initiative in Sudan as it approached a signed agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) in 2004. The author argues that while the first stage of the process successfully identified core conflict issues, the subsequent transitional period requires a shift from elite-driven negotiations to a transparent, inclusive, and democratic process to avoid implosion. The paper emphasizes that internal stability in Sudan is inextricably linked to the rehabilitation of its contentious bilateral relations with neighboring states in the Horn of Africa.

This research paper analyzes the IGAD Peace Initiative in Sudan as it nears a signed agreement between the Government of Sudan (GoS) and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). The author argues that while the first stage of negotiations was successful in its narrow focus, the subsequent transitional period requires a shift toward inclusivity, democratic transformation, and the rehabilitation of volatile bilateral relations with neighboring states in the Horn of Africa to ensure a sustainable peace.

This briefing reports on an interview conducted on May 1, 2003, with Al-Sadig al-Mahdi, leader of the opposition Umma Party in Sudan. Al-Mahdi discusses the limitations of the IGAD-facilitated peace talks between the Sudanese government and the SPLM/A, arguing that a sustainable peace requires a more inclusive process involving 'new forces' and a transition to democratic elections.