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This executive summary describes a project commissioned by the Climate and Development Knowledge Network (CDKN) to establish a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reference case and identify mitigation options for Pakistan. The project aimed to improve the evidence base for national climate planning, such as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), as the previous complete emissions inventory was nearly 20 years old at the time of the study. The analysis includes a baseline projection of emissions to 2030 and a sectoral evaluation of low-carbon development options across agriculture, forestry, energy, industry, transport, and waste.