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The document highlights that just 1% of Iceland's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 411 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 19,612 GWh. It argues that this technology offers a low land-use footprint and can provide 24/7 firm power, potentially replacing all coal imports used for electricity. Iceland is positioned as a leader in this field through projects like the Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) in Reykjanes, the Krafla Magma Testbed, and a planned third IDDP well in Hengill.

The document highlights that just 1% of India's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 303 GW of capacity, potentially meeting 43% of the country's projected 2050 electricity demand. It argues that this technology could replace all coal and gas imports for electricity, significantly reduce land use compared to other renewables, and improve urban air quality by replacing fossil fuel combustion.

The document highlights that just 1% of Iraq's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 39 GW of energy capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption by four times. It argues that this resource could replace all gas and electricity imports, reduce carbon emissions by approximately 54 megatonnes, and leverage existing oil and gas subsurface expertise for a zero-carbon transition.

The document highlights that just 1% of Italy's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 131 GW of energy capacity, exceeding the country's 2021 electricity demand of 289,064 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal, gas, and electricity imports used for power generation, reducing electricity sector emissions by approximately 93 megatonnes of CO2eq. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land-use footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide 24/7 firm power, which reduces the need for extensive new transmission infrastructure.

The document highlights that just 1% of Japan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 700 GW of energy capacity, potentially replacing all coal and gas used for electricity production and meeting projected 2050 electricity demand. It argues that this technology offers a low-land-footprint, firm power alternative to fossil fuel imports from Australia and Malaysia, though it is unlikely to reach commercial scale by 2030.

The document highlights that just 1% of Jordan's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 128 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 21,354 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all fossil fuels used for electricity production, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 8 megatonnes, which represents 59% of Jordan's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goal. Additionally, the technology is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide 24/7 power, reducing reliance on energy imports from the United States and Egypt.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kenya's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 131 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 63,694 GWh. It argues that this technology could replace coal imports, reduce land-use footprints compared to other renewables, and leverage Kenya's existing geothermal expertise to foster economic growth and decarbonization.

The document highlights that just 1% of Kyrgyzstan's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 85 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 15,137 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 3 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 43% of the nation's NDC goal. Additionally, it could eliminate dependence on energy imports from Russia and Kazakhstan and requires significantly less land (12 km² per GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

Egypt has reduced gas flaring by 26% since 2016 through targeted capture projects, yet it remains the world's 12th largest flarer. The report identifies a theoretical opportunity to recover up to 3.7 BCM of gas annually, which could add $7 billion to the economy and reduce emissions by 88 million CO2-equivalent tonnes. It highlights specific 'gas to pipeline' and 'gas to power' projects as commercially viable models that can be deployed within 9-18 months. The authors advocate for a data-led approach using satellite tracking to prioritise interventions and call for increased international investment and government coordination to eliminate routine flaring.

The document highlights that just 1% of Malaysia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 516 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 179,977 GWh. While not expected to reach commercial scale by 2030, the technology offers a path to replace fossil fuel imports—specifically 90% of coal and 20% of natural gas—and requires significantly less land (12 km² per 1 GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

The EU Methane Regulation is a transparency and performance framework rather than a trade restriction. It does not ban imports, but instead relies on monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) requirements. Compliance costs are estimated to be negligible, with potential gas price impacts around €0.07/MMBtu, which is less than 1% of projected wholesale prices. The regulation is phased in gradually, with import requirements applying to fuels produced from 2027. Market incentives for exporters to maintain access to the high-value EU market, combined with expanding global LNG capacity and declining EU gas demand, further mitigate the risk of supply disruptions. Price volatility in the energy market is attributed to geopolitical risks rather than regulatory requirements.

The document highlights that just 1% of Mexico's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 2,339 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's projected 2050 electricity demand of 713,787 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 154 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 39% of Mexico's Nationally Determined Contribution goal. Additionally, the technology offers high energy density, requiring only 12 km² of land per 1 GW, and could enhance energy security by reducing dependence on coal and gas imports from the U.S. and Colombia.

The document highlights that just 1% of Mongolia's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 3,159 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 7,432 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 15 megatonnes of CO2eq, which represents 72% of Mongolia's NDC goal. Additionally, it could eliminate the 25% of electricity that Mongolia currently imports, while requiring significantly less land (12 km² per 1 GW) than solar, wind, or biomass.

The document highlights that just 1% of Morocco's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 165 GW of capacity, potentially meeting the country's projected 2050 electricity demand and replacing all coal and gas imports used for power generation.

The document highlights that just 1% of Mozambique's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 38 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 18,860 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all fossil fuels in the electricity sector, eliminate the 43% of electricity currently imported, and require significantly less land than other energy sources.

The document highlights that just 1% of Myanmar's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 413 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 19,636 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 9 megatonnes of CO2eq and eliminating the need for coal imports, 45% of which currently come from Russia. Additionally, the technology is noted for its low land footprint—requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW—and its potential to leverage existing subsurface expertise from Myanmar's oil and gas sector.

The policy brief identifies a "planning gap" in Europe where national 2030 plans are disconnected from geopolitical realities and the long-term goal of 2050 climate neutrality. It recommends that EU Member States use the June 2024 NECP update deadline to implement a more comprehensive planning approach. Key recommendations include diversifying technology bets beyond renewables to include carbon capture and advanced nuclear, integrating land-use and social analysis into infrastructure planning, providing financial transparency to attract investment, and coordinating cross-border energy import strategies.

The document highlights that just 1% of New Zealand's superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 72 GW of capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 44,606 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all coal, oil, and gas used for electricity production, reducing emissions by approximately 6 megatonnes of CO2eq and enhancing energy security by replacing coal imports, primarily from Indonesia. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to leverage New Zealand's existing conventional geothermal expertise.

The document highlights that just 1% of Nicaragua's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 110 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 4,211 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all electricity imports (currently 24%) and all fossil fuels used in electricity production, supporting Nicaragua's goal of 60% renewable electricity by 2030. Additionally, superhot rock geothermal is noted for its low land footprint, requiring approximately 12 km² per 1 GW, and its ability to provide reliable 24/7 power.

The document highlights that just 1% of Niger's estimated superhot rock geothermal resource could provide 1,469 GW of energy capacity, far exceeding the country's 2021 electricity consumption of 721 GWh. This resource could theoretically replace all electricity imports, primarily from Nigeria, and reduce electricity sector carbon emissions by approximately 0.7 megatonnes, contributing 13% toward Niger's 2030 NDC goal. Additionally, the technology is noted for its low land footprint, requiring roughly 12 km² per 1 GW, and its potential to help Niger reach its target of 100% electrification by 2035.