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This guide from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) explains the nature of fossil fuel subsidies, the challenges of reforming them, and the benefits of transitioning to targeted social protection and clean energy. It highlights the role of the Coalition on Phasing Out Fossil Fuel Incentives Including Subsidies (COFFIS) in fostering international cooperation and transparency to make these reforms politically and socially viable.

This policy brief presents insights from informal bilateral discussions conducted by Ember and the Slovak Foreign Policy Association (SFPA) with transmission system operators (TSOs) from six Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The document examines CEE TSO perspectives on the European Commission's upcoming European Grids Package, highlighting a tension between the shared ambition to modernise grids and concerns regarding EU-level governance, funding complexity, and the perceived dominance of Western European interests in policy shaping.

The report 'Shockproof: how electrification can strengthen EU energy security' by Ember argues that accelerating the electrification of the EU economy, powered by homegrown renewables, is the primary mechanism to reduce the bloc's high dependency on imported fossil fuels. It suggests that fossil import dependency could be halved by 2040 through the adoption of mature technologies like electric vehicles and heat pumps.

This report analyzes Thailand's draft revised power development plan (RPDP), which targets a 51% renewable energy share by 2037 to support economic growth in sectors like data centers and EVs. While the plan increases renewable capacity and phases out some fossil fuels, the report warns that continued reliance on imported liquefied natural gas (LNG) exposes the Thai economy to price volatility and geopolitical risks.

This report by Ember examines the critical role of electricity interconnectors in maintaining European energy security, preventing blackouts, and mitigating the impact of geopolitical conflicts and sabotage. It argues that expanding and securing cross-border grid capacity is a vital element of protecting European society against hybrid warfare and technical failures.

This briefing by Zero Carbon Analytics examines the causes of power blackouts, arguing that failures in network infrastructure, human error, and extreme weather are the primary drivers rather than renewable energy generation. It highlights a significant global investment gap in grid infrastructure, which the IEA warns could become the "weak link" in the energy transition.

This report by Ember analyzes Mexico's technical and economic potential to transition its electricity sector toward solar power and battery storage to reduce dependence on imported US gas. It argues that while Mexico possesses world-class solar resources capable of meeting the vast majority of its electricity demand, high local installation costs and regulatory barriers currently hinder this potential.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that expanding liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports is a risky economic and environmental strategy for Canada. The authors contend that LNG fails to provide energy security for importers or economic resilience for exporters due to extreme price volatility, high infrastructure costs, and a global shift toward cheaper renewable energy. The document highlights that Canadian projects face significant competitiveness challenges against producers like the United States and Qatar, while importing regions in Europe and Asia are actively reducing their LNG demand.

This policy brief summarizes a high-level roundtable hosted by Ember and the Clean Air Task Force during the 20th anniversary GLOBSEC Forum in Prague. The document argues that Europe must redefine energy security by transitioning from fossil fuel dependencies to clean firm power and electrification, while addressing new vulnerabilities in digital infrastructure and critical raw material supply chains.

An Ember report analyzing National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) indicates that EU gas demand is in terminal decline, with a projected 7% decrease by 2030 compared to 2023 levels, while the bloc shifts toward a more electrified economy powered by clean electricity.

This report, commissioned by the Stockholm Environment Institute and conducted by ACT Global, analyzes public perceptions in Ukraine regarding climate change, environmental protection, and the green transition. Based on a survey of 1,000 individuals, it finds high levels of perceived personal impact from climate change, particularly regarding health, and strong public support for renewable energy development and waste management. While a majority of the population engages in some form of environmental protection, barriers such as financial costs and a perception that such actions are not common persist. The report also evaluates the perceived efficiency of various actors, noting that volunteers and youth are viewed as the most effective contributors to environmental protection.

This briefing by Ember analyzes the energy security landscape of the Three Seas Initiative (3SI) ahead of its 10th annual summit in Warsaw. It argues that while 3SI countries have the infrastructure to fully eliminate Russian gas, there is a significant risk of creating 'stranded assets' through the overexpansion of LNG and pipeline capacity. The document advocates for a shift in focus toward a 2027 Russian gas phase-out, renewable energy deployment, and the creation of a 'Transmission Highway' to move clean power from coastlines to Central Europe.

The 'Türkiye Elektrik Görünümü 2025' report by Ember analyzes Turkey's electricity production and consumption for 2024, highlighting a pivotal shift where wind and solar generation surpassed domestic coal for the first time. While solar energy saw record growth, the report notes that the expansion of renewables is not yet keeping pace with rising electricity demand, which is increasingly driven by cooling needs during extreme heatwaves. The document also evaluates Turkey's new 2035 capacity targets and provides policy recommendations to overcome grid connection constraints.

This research paper analyzes the G7's failure to meet its 2025 deadline to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies, noting that subsidies reached a record USD 282 billion in 2023. The author examines the drivers of this increase, the distribution of subsidies across G7 members, and provides policy recommendations for the G7 to advance reform under Canada's presidency.

This report, produced by ACT Global for the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), examines the awareness, attitudes, and willingness of the population in the Republic of Moldova to support green transition initiatives. Based on a survey of 1,000 people, the study analyzes perceptions of climate change, environmental priorities, energy security, and the effectiveness of various actors in promoting environmental protection.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative, PUC-RIO, and Amazon 2030 analyzes how Amazon deforestation reduces rainfall and river flow, thereby decreasing electricity generation and revenue for Brazil's two largest hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), Itaipu and Belo Monte.

This report by Ember analyzes the European Union's progress toward phasing out Russian gas by 2027. It finds that despite political commitments, Russian gas imports increased in 2024, and the EU is significantly over-investing in gas infrastructure that is likely to be underutilised by 2030. The report argues that the EU is risking a new dependency on volatile global LNG markets and recommends legally binding targets to end Russian gas imports.

The RMI report 'Hydrogen — Made in America, For America' argues that the United States must accelerate the development of its hydrogen market to maintain global energy leadership and expand its industrial base. It identifies fragmented policies and poor economics in offtake sectors as primary barriers to growth and suggests specific federal and state policy actions to stimulate demand and investment.

This report by Ember analyzes the impact of the UK government's Clean Power 2030 Action Plan on energy import reliance. It finds that while the plan significantly reduces gas imports for electricity generation, the wider UK economy remains vulnerable due to continued reliance on imported oil for transport and gas for domestic heating. The report argues that comprehensive electrification of heating and transport is necessary to fully stabilize energy bills and enhance national energy security.

Türkiye has rapidly expanded its solar energy capacity, doubling it in 2.5 years and surpassing its 2025 target ahead of schedule. While solar growth is accelerating, wind energy installations have slowed, though ambitious new 2035 targets and a significant pipeline of storage-integrated projects suggest potential for further transition.