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The document assesses the current state of global carbon pricing, noting that most prices are below USD 10, far below the USD 40-100/tCO2 levels recommended by the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices to meet Paris Agreement goals. It advocates for a 'climate policy portfolio' that combines carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems with complementary measures to address non-price barriers and avoid 'waterbed effects' through price floors. The brief also calls for the abolition of counterproductive policies like fossil fuel subsidies and the use of carbon revenues to fund a just transition and fight energy poverty.

The paper analyzes the technical challenges of accounting for internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) given the diversity of nationally determined contributions (NDCs). It focuses on four primary areas: the definition and scope of ITMOs, methods to avoid double counting through corresponding adjustments, the accounting of mitigation outcomes' vintage relative to target time frames, and the governance of tracking systems. The authors recommend an emissions-based approach to corresponding adjustments and the adoption of common multi-year target periods to prevent increases in aggregated global greenhouse gas emissions.

The paper estimates the CER supply potential for 2013-2020 at 4.7 billion CERs, noting that 82% comes from projects not vulnerable to discontinuing greenhouse gas abatement. This figure is significantly lower than the 7.7 G t CO2 e estimated in project design documents, with hydro and wind power projects providing the largest share (61%) of the potential.

The document critiques the 2010 MOU between California, Acre, and Chiapas, which aimed to link California's cap-and-trade system with jurisdictional REDD+ programs in Brazil and Mexico. It argues that these market-based mechanisms lead to human rights violations, territorial conflicts, and the marginalization of indigenous peoples. In Acre, the report highlights methodological flaws in emission baselines and the failure of social projects. In Chiapas, it notes the rise of land-grabbing for African palm monocultures and significant public debt to the World Bank and IDB. The report concludes that REDD+ serves as a tool for capital accumulation rather than a genuine solution to climate change, recommending a shift toward recognizing land tenure and autonomous territorial management.

The document outlines stakeholder feedback on the California Air Resources Board's (ARB) CCS Concept Paper, arguing that CCS is critical for California's GHG goals but requires flexible, risk-based regulatory frameworks to attract investment. The authors advocate for the integration of CCS into both the Low Carbon Fuel Standard and Cap & Trade programs, express skepticism toward a 'checkbox' approach for permanence protocols, and propose a tiered, performance-based system for post-injection monitoring instead of arbitrary 50- or 100-year default periods.

The report, commissioned by the German Emissions Trading Authority, examines the risk of CDM projects ceasing greenhouse gas abatement due to an oversupply of emission reduction credits in the global carbon market. It specifically aims to quantify the risk across different project types, assess the potential impact of supporting their continuation compared to the status quo, and identify options to ensure long-term mitigation.

Carbon Market Watch outlines recommendations for the three frameworks under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement: cooperative approaches, the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM), and non-market mechanisms. The organization emphasizes the need for robust accounting to prevent double counting, the integration of human rights safeguards, and the use of the SDM for results-based finance and transformational change.

The policy brief critiques CORSIA for focusing on offsetting growth above 2020 levels rather than reducing overall sector emissions. It highlights the risk of double counting since offsets are sourced from countries with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement. The author recommends that ICAO implement a 'negative list' for harmful project types and a public registry, while urging the UNFCCC to integrate aviation's efforts into the Global Stocktake and Facilitative Dialogue to ratchet ambition toward the 1.5°C goal.

The report finds that recognizing all types of CERs for use after 2020 is unlikely to trigger significant additional emission reductions because most available supply comes from projects that would continue abatement without CER revenues. It identifies critical risks to environmental integrity, including double claiming with 2020 targets and the potential for higher cumulative emissions when using CERs for single-year targets. To safeguard environmental integrity, the authors recommend limiting eligibility to newly developed additional projects or already implemented projects at high risk of discontinuing abatement, while ensuring robust accounting through corresponding adjustments.

The statement emphasizes that ICAO's CORSIA must be aligned with the UNFCCC's Paris Agreement framework, specifically regarding transparency, accounting for Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), and the global stocktake, to ensure that carbon credits are not double-counted by 2018.

The statement warns that non-transparent land-use accounting in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) can allow countries to meet targets while carbon pollution increases. It highlights specific examples in Russia and New Zealand and advocates for separating land-use credits from other sectors to ensure the 1.5°C target is met through essential decarbonisation.

The document analyzes the vague language of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which attempts to balance diverse party interests through the creation of the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) and frameworks for both market and non-market approaches. It argues that for carbon markets to support the 1.5°C warming limit, they must prioritize high environmental integrity and increased ambition.

Carbon Market Watch provides a set of recommendations for the rules of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement to be discussed at COP22. The organization argues that carbon markets must increase global ambition by delivering actual emission reductions beyond NDC levels, ensure environmental integrity through a robust accounting framework to prevent double counting, and protect human rights and sustainable development through monitoring, stakeholder consultation, and grievance processes.

The document argues that for carbon markets to support the 1.5°C goal, they must move beyond zero-sum offsetting toward net mitigation. It proposes rigorous ex-post accounting for internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) to avoid 'hot air' and double counting. For the Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM), it recommends excluding non-additional technologies via negative lists, abolishing the direct contractual link between project proponents and designated operational entities (DOEs) to ensure impartiality, and excluding temporary sinks like REDD and forestry credits due to leakage and permanence risks. Additionally, it calls for the SDM to integrate UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), establish robust social and environmental safeguards, and create a UN-level grievance process for affected communities.

Carbon Market Watch argues that LULUCF activities are currently unfit for market mechanisms due to data uncertainty, incomplete accounting, and risks of non-permanence. The organization recommends moving toward a land-based, net-net accounting approach using historical baselines rather than projected emissions. It further proposes that LULUCF sectors be managed through non-market measures under Article 6.8 of the Paris Agreement to better integrate adaptation and sustainable development goals, while calling for the exclusion of non-permanent activities from the CDM.

The 2016 NYDF Progress Assessment indicates a complex trend where annual net forest loss is declining, but gross tree cover loss remains steady or increasing. While corporate commitments to deforestation-free supply chains are growing, particularly for palm oil and wood, cattle and soy remain under-addressed. Restoration pledges under the Bonn Challenge and UNFCCC have increased significantly, and the Paris Agreement has formally integrated land-use and REDD+ into global climate mitigation. However, financial disbursements for results-based payments lag behind pledges, and forest governance remains a critical challenge, evidenced by a record number of killings of land and environment defenders in 2015.

The report advocates for a transition from fragmented, boundary-based planning to an integrated watershed approach in northern Manitoba's Nelson-Churchill River Basin. It identifies critical ecosystem services—including hydroelectricity, mining, and carbon storage—and proposes seven principles for successful management: basin planning, leadership, multi-party approaches, shared decision-making with Indigenous communities, robust monitoring, legislative support, and sustainable funding. The authors recommend establishing a multi-party basin-level organization to coordinate sustainable development and mitigate environmental stresses from resource extraction and climate change.

The document outlines the requirements for the new carbon market mechanism established by Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. It emphasizes that these markets must drive actual emission reductions beyond domestic action, avoid double-counting through robust accounting, and exclude fossil fuel investments. Furthermore, it calls for strong human rights safeguards and alignment with the UN's Sustainable Development Goals to avoid the failures associated with the Kyoto Protocol's flexible mechanisms.

The document details a two-day workshop held in October 2016 in Dakar, Senegal, involving over 25 participants from seven West African countries. It examines the implications of the Paris Agreement, specifically Article 6 and carbon markets, while highlighting the failures of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the challenges of accessing the Green Climate Fund. The workshop concluded with the 'Dakar Declaration,' which provides six specific recommendations for West African negotiators at COP22 to ensure the new sustainable development mechanism prioritises human rights, the least developed countries, and a shift from market-based offsets to climate finance.

The document discusses the transition from Kyoto Protocol carbon markets to the Paris Agreement's cooperative approaches, specifically the use of internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs). It warns that without robust accounting and oversight, these transfers risk introducing 'hot air' carbon units into ambitious Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), which could jeopardize the goals of limiting global temperature increase to 1.5C or well below 2C.