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This practitioner's guide outlines a nine-step process for conducting local stakeholder consultations in climate mitigation projects. It emphasizes the necessity of meaningful public participation to avoid adverse impacts such as population displacement or resource privatization. The guide integrates international standards, including the right to Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for indigenous peoples, and provides checklists to validate that consultations are inclusive, transparent, and proportional to the project's impact.

The document outlines a nine-step process for stakeholder consultation in climate mitigation actions, emphasizing the need to move beyond 'top-down' approaches to avoid adverse impacts like population displacement. It integrates international standards, including the right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) for indigenous peoples, and provides checklists for project developers to verify that consultations are inclusive, transparent, and accountable. The guide is designed for policy-makers, investors, and developers, drawing on lessons from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).

The document outlines a nine-step process for conducting effective stakeholder consultations for climate mitigation actions, emphasizing the protection of human rights and the necessity of free, prior, and informed consent for indigenous peoples. It provides a checklist for project promoters to ensure transparency, inclusivity, and accountability throughout the project lifecycle.

The document examines how private-sector investment can be mobilised for climate mitigation in Sub-Saharan Africa, focusing on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Climate Investment Funds (CIF), the Green Climate Fund (GCF), and South Africa's REIPPPP. It argues that while market mechanisms like the CDM have successfully engaged the private sector, further tailoring of rules to African circumstances and stronger synergies between multilateral and national finance are necessary to meet Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) goals.

The guide critiques the ICAO's CORSIA scheme, arguing that offsetting is incompatible with Paris Agreement goals and prone to failures seen in the UN Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), such as lack of additionality and human rights violations.

The paper identifies a lack of trust as a primary barrier to scaling REDD+ investment, stemming from system complexity, concerns over environmental and social robustness, and perceived implementation gaps. It proposes applying the International Accounting Standards Board's Conceptual framework for financial reporting to REDD+ accounting to address these issues. Key recommendations include tailoring reporting to end-users, standardising uncertainty analyses, requiring independent third-party verification, and creating a roadmap to harmonise reference levels and monitoring requirements across different global frameworks.

The document examines the lack of transparency in the ICAO's creation of the CORSIA offsetting scheme, highlighting risks to the Paris Agreement and the EU ETS. It argues that ICAO's current practice of closed meetings and non-disclosure agreements contradicts its own rules of procedure and the obligations of 13 member states under the Aarhus Convention. The brief recommends broadening observer diversity, opening meetings to the public, and providing access to key regulatory documents to ensure the environmental integrity of aviation carbon offsets.

The European Parliament voted on the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR), which covers approximately 60% of the EU's total greenhouse gas emissions across transport, buildings, agriculture, and waste sectors. While the Parliament's position improves the emission baseline to better reflect actual levels—potentially leading to 280 million tonnes of additional emission cuts compared to the Commission's proposal—it maintains a 280Mt limit on land use and forestry offsets for agriculture. Additionally, the document notes the introduction of an 'early action reserve' of up to 90 Mt CO2e in carbon permits, which the author suggests may reward past emission savings and risk widening per capita emission divergences in Europe.

Carbon Market Watch argues for the phase-out of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) by the end of the second Kyoto commitment period, recommending that project registration cease as of COP 24 in 2018. The organization advocates for the establishment of a CDM grievance and safeguard mechanism to protect human rights and the environment, alongside strengthened civil society participation in stakeholder consultations. It further calls for a CMP/CMA process to guide the transition to the Paris Agreement's Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) and the implementation of measures to prevent double counting of credits used in ICAO's CORSIA scheme.

The report examines the potential for 'policy crediting' to incentivize developing countries to implement or strengthen carbon pricing and energy subsidy reforms. Through case studies in Morocco, Indonesia, Mexico, and China (Beijing), the study finds that the financial value of carbon credits is generally very low compared to the fiscal gains from the base policies themselves, suggesting that credits are unlikely to be the primary driver for policy adoption. However, the report argues that crediting could still play a role by supporting mitigation at the 'policy margin' (complementary measures), funding the operational strengthening of ETS markets, or providing targeted compensation to vulnerable stakeholders. The authors highlight significant challenges in establishing baselines and monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) for policy-level reductions compared to project-level offsets.

Missouri is required to reduce power sector emissions by 29 percent below 2012 levels by 2030 under the Clean Power Plan. WRI analysis indicates the state can achieve 90 percent of this target by implementing existing clean energy policies and improving the efficiency of existing natural gas and coal plants. By further expanding its renewable energy standard to 20 percent of electricity sales by 2030, Missouri could reduce emissions by 34 percent below 2012 levels, exceeding the target by 17 percent. These actions could provide economic benefits, including over $6 billion in energy bill savings and $20 million annually from selling surplus carbon credits between 2022 and 2030.

Michigan is required by the U.S. EPA to reduce power sector emissions by 33 percent below 2012 levels by 2030. The document argues that by adhering to its energy efficiency and renewable energy standards, and by optimizing the use of natural gas and coal plants, the state can reduce emissions by 36 percent below 2012 levels by 2030, exceeding its target by 9 percent.

The document analyzes the transition from conventional low-pressure cogeneration to high pressure cogeneration (HPC) in Pakistan's sugar industry. While Pakistan has the potential to generate 1000 MW of electricity from its 4.4 million metric tonnes of annual bagasse, adoption is hindered by high costs, technical risks, and regulatory gaps. The study highlights the experiences of Almoiz Sugar Mills, which faced initial failures, and JDW, which successfully integrated 53 MW into the national grid. It concludes that scaling low-emission strategies requires leadership from industry champions and improved risk profiling to attract investment.

The brochure describes 'Smart-Sourced Fuel Products' as eco-friendly biomass blends created from agricultural residues, wetland plants, grassland plants, and forestry residues. These materials can be processed into pellets, briquettes, cubes, biochar, biogas, and fuel logs for residential, industrial, and commercial heating. The document highlights environmental benefits, such as the capture of phosphorus and nitrogen from cattails to protect Lake Winnipeg, and economic advantages for landowners and municipalities. It notes that Manitoba has an estimated 3 to 5 million tonnes of available biomass annually, plus 3 million tonnes of cattail. Replacing all coal use in Manitoba with biomass is estimated to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 200,000 tonnes.

The document describes 'smart-sourced fuels' as ecological heating products made from local agricultural residues, wetland plants, and forestry waste. It highlights the environmental and economic benefits of these fuels in Manitoba, specifically noting the potential of cattails (quenouilles) as a sustainable biomass source. The text provides data on biomass availability around Winnipeg and Brandon and argues that replacing coal with biomass could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the province.

The document warns that 11 gigatonnes of 'hot air' credits—resulting from overestimated emissions and low-quality projects under the Kyoto Protocol—threaten the ambition of the Paris agreement. It proposes that these credits should not be carried over into the compliance period starting in 2020 and that strict eligibility rules should limit the use of market mechanisms to parties with ambitious reduction goals.

The Clean Air Task Force (CATF) asserts that allowing interstate trading between states with separate, unmerged emission rate targets creates a perverse economic incentive to operate higher-emitting power plants in states with more lenient targets. This 'leakage' problem would displace lower-emitting generation, leading to higher overall system emissions and increased operating costs. CATF provides a quantitative example showing that relaxing the merger requirement could result in 20 percent more emissions and nearly 50 percent higher dispatch costs. The document further argues that this risk is widespread, noting that 26 states have target emission rates below the 1000 lbs./MWh new source performance standard for natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) units. Finally, it contends that limiting interstate trading to renewable energy credits (RECs) would not solve the problem, as renewable resources in states with higher targets would generate disproportionately more credits, allowing for greater continued use of fossil resources in more stringent states.

Friends of the Earth International advocates for community-based biodiversity management, contrasting it with privatized approaches like bioprospecting and financial mechanisms such as carbon credits. The text highlights the failure of the National Biodiversity Institute (INBio) in Costa Rica as evidence against the privatization of genetic resources and calls for the respect of community rights and traditional knowledge as outlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity.

The document critiques the 'Green Economy' and the financialization of nature, specifically the creation of markets for environmental services. It argues that by dividing nature into measurable units, these markets allow corporations to use 'offsetting' as a 'permit to pollute or destroy' in one area by promising protection elsewhere. The author contends that this process ignores the complex, dynamic nature of ecosystems and the social, cultural, and spiritual values of land. The report highlights the negative impacts on indigenous peoples, who lose control over their territories through restrictive contracts, and provides examples of the failure of biodiversity offsets in the EU, Australia, Brazil, and Costa Rica.

The document critiques the 'green growth' paradigm and the financialization of nature, specifically the creation of markets for ecosystem services. It argues that these mechanisms, such as biodiversity offsets and carbon credits, do not stop environmental degradation but instead provide corporations with a 'social license to destroy' by allowing them to compensate for damage in one area by protecting another. The report highlights the negative impacts on Indigenous territories, the failure of existing offset programs in the EU and Australia, and the risk of 'devaluation' when economic priorities shift, as seen in Costa Rica. It concludes that these financial tools are instruments for capital accumulation and cost reduction rather than genuine ecological protection.