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The paper examines the rise of trade measures based on non-product-related process and production methods (PPMs) used to address climate change, biodiversity loss, and human rights. It analyzes the legal requirements for such measures to be WTO-compliant, highlighting the importance of non-discrimination and proportionality. The authors provide examples of current PPM-based policies, including forced labour import bans, deforestation-free supply chain regulations, and sustainability-linked tariff preferences in regional trade agreements, while noting ongoing WTO disputes between the EU, Indonesia, and Malaysia over biofuels.

Grasslands are critical for biodiversity and carbon sequestration, holding about one-third of global terrestrial carbon stocks, yet they remain vastly unprotected. In the U.S., over 70 percent of prairies have been destroyed, with 10 million acres lost in the Great Plains between 2016 and 2020. The document identifies federal crop insurance subsidies and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) as policies that unintentionally encourage the conversion of grasslands to cropland. To reverse these trends, the author advocates for strengthening the "Sodsaver" program, ensuring energy crops from converted grasslands do not qualify for the RFS, and increasing investment through the 2023 Farm Bill and the North American Grasslands Conservation Act.

The document argues that Japan's use of biomass co-firing and coal-to-biomass conversion is greenwashing that prolongs the life of inefficient coal plants and destroys forest ecosystems. It highlights that 31 coal-fired units in Japan already co-fire with biomass and that wood pellet imports increased 61-fold over the last decade to 4.41 million tons in 2022. The signatories claim that treating biomass as "carbon neutral" ignores lifecycle emissions and that METI's accounting methods allow inefficient plants to appear efficient. The NGOs urge the Japanese government to exit coal regardless of co-firing, stop supporting biomass power plants using non-waste fuels, and account for biomass combustion emissions at the plant and national levels.

The document argues that Japan's use of biomass co-firing in coal plants and the conversion of these plants to dedicated biomass facilities is 'greenwashing'. It claims these practices accelerate climate change by emitting CO2 and prolonging the life of inefficient coal plants, while simultaneously driving deforestation and biodiversity loss in Southeast Asia and North America to meet the rising demand for wood pellets.

An investigation by Mighty Earth, Repórter Brasil, and Ecostorm found that Tesco's UK meat products are linked to illegal deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The report traces soy from the Santa Ana farm in Mato Grosso, which used illegal fires to clear 400 hectares of forest in 2022, through Cargill's logistics network to UK suppliers Avara and Pilgrim's UK. The authors argue that Cargill's monitoring systems are flawed, allowing 'grain laundering' where illegal soy is mixed with legal crops. Despite public pledges to be deforestation-free by 2025, Tesco continues to source heavily from Cargill, which has a 2030 target. The report also criticizes proposed UK due diligence legislation for failing to cover 'legal' deforestation, potentially making the UK a leakage market for soy that does not meet EU standards.

The UN 2023 Water Conference, held in New York, focused on accelerating progress toward Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) through the Water Action Agenda. The event resulted in approximately 700 voluntary commitments totaling USD 300 billion and the announcement of a UN Special Envoy for Water. Discussions emphasized the water-food-energy nexus, the human right to water and sanitation, and the need for innovative finance and improved global water data. While the conference generated significant political momentum and new partnerships, analysis suggests that many pledges lack quantifiable targets and that the international community must quadruple its efforts to meet 2030 goals.

The document analyzes how the conflict in Ukraine has accelerated Europe's shift toward renewable energy while simultaneously causing severe ecological damage within Ukraine and destabilizing global food security. It highlights the systemic interplay between war, climate change, and environmental degradation, noting that the resulting ecological losses and food system disruptions may have long-term, irreversible effects.

The document examines the unprecedented global outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza, highlighting the virus's increasing ability to infect mammals and the risk of potential human-to-human transmission. It details the devastating ecological impact on bird populations and the economic toll on poultry farms, particularly in the United States. The authors argue that current biosecurity efforts are lagging and call for urgent improvements in vaccine development, the implementation of safer industrial farming practices—specifically regarding mink and pig farms—and the expansion of wild bird surveillance to prevent a future pandemic.

CIEL supports the Special Rapporteur's findings that the triple planetary crisis disproportionately affects women and girls due to intersecting structural inequalities. The statement argues that protecting these rights requires States to rapidly phase out fossil fuel extraction, consumption, and trade, and to implement moratoriums on new petrochemical facilities. It specifically highlights the health risks of microplastics for women and calls for a human rights-based approach in the negotiations of a plastics treaty.

Thirty-seven global NGOs are calling on the Net-Zero Banking Alliance (NZBA) to stop financing fracked gas export projects in South Texas, arguing that the Texas LNG and Rio Grande LNG terminals are incompatible with the 1.5°C climate goal and violate Indigenous and environmental rights.

The author highlights the role of social media and technology in facilitating the illegal wildlife trade, which has an estimated annual value of at least 20 billion USD. To counter this, the Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online—founded in 2018 by WWF, TRAFFIC, and IFAW—works with tech companies' Trust & Safety teams to improve content policies, training, and automated detection. Between March 2018 and September 2021, Coalition members reported removing or blocking over 11.6 million prohibited wildlife listings. The author warns that tech industry layoffs and personnel turnover threaten this progress and urges new tech teams to leverage existing institutional knowledge and partnerships with law enforcement and financial institutions to disrupt trafficking networks.

The report asserts that access to healthy and sustainable food is a fundamental human right embedded within the right to a healthy environment. It highlights that while food availability in the EU is currently stable, intensive agri-food models, biodiversity loss, and climate change threaten future food security. The authors argue that the EU has a legal responsibility to protect this right through its legislative frameworks, specifically recommending that the proposed Legislative Framework for Sustainable Food Systems (FSFS) adopt a rights-based approach, phase out harmful subsidies, and ensure public procurement of sustainable food.

The Stakeholder Toolkit lists various guidance documents, data tools, and networks aimed at integrating deforestation risk into financial decision-making. It highlights frameworks like the TCFD and TNFD, data tools such as TRASE and Forest IQ, and investor initiatives like Climate Action 100+ and the Finance Sector Deforestation Action (FSDA) initiative to support the transition toward deforestation-free financial portfolios.

The Stakeholder Toolkit is a directory of resources for the financial sector to address deforestation and climate risks. It highlights disclosure frameworks like the TCFD and TNFD, data tools such as TRASE and Forest IQ, and investor networks like Ceres and Climate Action 100+. The guide focuses on enabling financial institutions to identify carbon asset concentrations, develop deforestation-free portfolios, and align with net-zero goals by 2025.

The toolkit compiles various resources for the financial sector to address deforestation and climate change. It highlights reporting frameworks like the TCFD and TNFD, data tools such as TRASE and Forest 500, and investor-led initiatives like Climate Action 100+ and the Financial Sector Deforestation Action (FSDA) to help institutions achieve deforestation-free portfolios and align with sustainability goals.

The report examines Sweden's maritime sectors—including blue food, offshore energy, tourism, and shipping—and argues for a shift from a sector-based approach to a multifunctional, ecosystem-based model. It identifies significant growth potential in offshore wind and sustainable aquaculture but warns that the current state of marine ecosystems is dire. The document recommends national coordination of marine spatial planning, the adoption of net-zero goals for maritime transport, and the modernization of regulatory frameworks to support circular and fossil-free technologies.

The document outlines the interconnectedness of the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, air pollution, and unsustainable food systems. It argues that these issues are driven by fossil-fuel-based economic systems and excessive consumption, disproportionately affecting the poor. The guide advocates for a fundamental shift toward circular economies, regenerative agriculture, and a 'just transition' to protect the planet and ensure human rights to clean air and water.

The document outlines the interconnected nature of the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, air pollution, and unsustainable food systems. It argues that these issues are driven by fossil-fuel-based economic systems and over-consumption, disproportionately affecting the poor. The guide advocates for a fundamental shift toward circular economies, restorative agriculture, and social justice to protect the planet.

The document outlines the interconnected nature of the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, water scarcity, air pollution, and unsustainable food systems, arguing that these issues are rooted in excessive consumption and fossil-fuel-based economic models. It advocates for a radical shift toward circular economies, restorative agriculture, and social justice to protect the planet and its most vulnerable populations.

The document outlines the interconnectedness of the climate crisis, biodiversity loss, and social injustice, arguing that current economic models based on overconsumption and fossil fuels are unsustainable. It calls for a fundamental shift toward circular economies, sustainable agriculture, and a 'just transition' that protects the most vulnerable populations. Key priorities include limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, restoring ecosystems, ensuring universal access to clean water and air, and redefining economic success beyond GDP.