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The report argues that subnational governments are critical to the global transition away from fossil fuels because extraction facilities, workforces, and communities are located within their jurisdictions. It recommends that these governments diversify local economies, develop time-bound and financed transition roadmaps, and reduce Scope 1 and 2 emissions from existing operations. The document emphasizes that emissions reductions should complement rather than replace the transition away from production. It also advocates for multilevel policy alignment and international cooperation through alliances such as the Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance and the Powering Past Coal Alliance.

The report argues that subnational governments are critical to the global energy transition because extraction facilities and workforces are located within their territories. It presents a toolkit of financial, regulatory, and enabling tools to help these governments phase out production, reduce environmental impacts, and diversify local economies. The authors categorize subnational regions into four types based on their production status and reserves, noting that early movers can reduce transition risks and attract low-carbon investment. Key recommendations include developing time-bound, sequenced, and financed roadmaps and avoiding diversification into carbon-intensive downstream activities like refining or petrochemicals.

The document argues that international investment agreements (IIAs) and the ISDS mechanism act as legal barriers to climate action by allowing fossil fuel companies to sue governments for compensation when regulations impact their returns. It outlines a three-part framework for States: removing risk through treaty termination, carveouts, or removal of ISDS clauses; reducing risk via the adoption of 'right to regulate' provisions, interpretative statements, and the careful design of climate measures; and responding to active claims using jurisdictional challenges, the 'necessity defense', and arguments against the 'legitimate expectations' of investors. The toolkit emphasizes that the urgent need to limit warming to 1.5°C may justify the termination of treaties like the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) based on a fundamental change of circumstances.

The report provides an evaluation of corporate peacebuilding initiatives, arguing that most 'Business for Peace' (B4P) efforts have yielded few positive impacts and can sometimes exacerbate local conflicts. It presents seven key questions for firms to assess their impact on conflict environments, local definitions of peace, socio-economic structures, and supply chain links to conflict actors. The authors conclude that the most peace-positive strategy is often to avoid conflict regions entirely and that substantive progress requires binding, independently verified regulatory initiatives.

The document serves as a regulatory guide, offering a structured set of inquiries to help Public Utility Commissions (PUCs) assess utility resource planning in the context of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). It organizes questions into five exhibits covering common IRA considerations, assumptions, forecasts, objectives/scenarios, and solution identification. Key areas of focus include the application of Investment Tax Credits (ITC) and Production Tax Credits (PTC), bonus adders for energy communities and domestic content, the integration of hydrogen and carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies, and the utilization of Energy Infrastructure Reinvestment (EIR) financing. The toolkit also emphasizes the need for utilities to account for IRA-driven changes in load forecasts related to building and transportation electrification, energy efficiency, and distributed energy resources (DERs).