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The report establishes a methodology for mapping superhot rock (SHR) geothermal resources globally, defining SHR as heat from subsurface formations exceeding 374°C. Using the LithoRef18 global reference model and a 'hydrothermal proxy' to account for non-steady-state heat flow, the study estimates the un-risked global resource. For depths of 4-8 km ('today's resource'), the estimated potential is 3,272 GWe (13,895 GWth). For depths of 8-12.5 km ('tomorrow's resource'), the potential increases to 59,930 GWe (245,581 GWth). The analysis identifies 125 countries with SHR potential, with significant resources in the US, China, Indonesia, and others. The report also analyzes flow rate uncertainties using a database of 33 petrothermal projects, determining a P50 flow rate of 55 l/s for its calculations.

The document introduces a mathematical model for quantifying the physical and economic impacts of road disruptions, such as flooding and landslides, and assessing the value of nature-based solutions in mitigating these risks. The model incorporates climate forecasts and spatially explicit assessments of ecosystem services to provide a comprehensive cost-benefit analysis of resilience investments. It has been piloted in two Indonesian locations and used to train technical staff at the Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS).

The report introduces an Excel-based model designed to quantify the financial and economic viability of nature-based solutions (NBI), such as reforestation and mangrove restoration, to enhance road resilience against climate-induced hazards like floods and landslides in Indonesia. Moving beyond traditional CBAs, the model incorporates 'non-road benefits'—including socio-economic externalities like mental health, market access for crops and livestock, and air pollution—to provide a holistic view of investment value. The model was piloted in two distinct locations: Pekanbaru (an urban-rural connection) and West Kalimantan (a rural area). Results demonstrate that while conventional CBAs focusing only on road-related costs often show that costs outweigh benefits, the inclusion of non-road benefits makes these investments economically viable in all tested scenarios. For instance, in the Pekanbaru base case, the benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) rose to 11.45 when non-road benefits were included.

The report outlines a methodology to distinguish between green, transition, and phase-down activities to mobilise private capital for Australia's net zero goals. It defines 'green' activities as consistent with Paris Agreement goals and 'transition' activities as those with a continued role in a net zero economy that lack low-carbon alternatives. The methodology recommends using internationally recognised 1.5°C aligned climate-science scenarios, specifically from the IEA and Climateworks, to objectively determine eligibility and avoid greenwashing and carbon lock-in.

The document details the technical approach for modeling the macroeconomic effects of climate change on Canada's GDP, employment, and welfare. Using the gTech model, researchers integrated 13 categories of climate impacts—ranging from agricultural productivity and forestry reductions to infrastructure damages and healthcare spending—across 14 climate scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and three asset growth scenarios. The methodology distinguishes between impacts modeled as productivity changes (e.g., labour and agriculture) and those modeled as direct capital expenditures (e.g., road and building repairs), with the latter scaled based on historical asset appreciation relative to GDP. The report identifies weather-related disasters as the largest determinant of overall macroeconomic impact and notes limitations regarding the deterministic nature of disaster modeling and the exclusion of migration and trade restrictions.

The document details the creation of MONITOR ECOTECH, a digital 'alpha' version of a serious game system (SGS) developed by Uppsala University as part of the BONUS RETURN project. The system aims to provide a participatory learning space for stakeholders to test the feasibility and vulnerability of various eco-technologies used to reduce nutrient and pollution emissions in the Baltic Sea Region. Built using the Unity 3D engine, the game uses socio-ecological data from environmental modelling and stakeholder consultations to simulate the impact of different technology combinations on nutrient flows. It differs from its board game predecessor, SELECT ECOTECH, by offering higher data granularity, real-time tracking of emissions, and the ability to simulate longer timeframes and more complex scenarios, specifically targeting 'wicked' problems where traditional environmental monitoring and assessment are insufficient.

The 2018 Survey of Federal Scientists targeted 63,248 contacts across 16 US federal agencies to investigate scientific integrity and the impact of political interference on science-based decision-making. Administered by the Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology at Iowa State University for the Union of Concerned Scientists, the survey utilized a multimode approach including online web surveys, PDF forms, and phone interviews. The final data set comprised 4,211 responses, representing an overall response rate of 6.67%. The survey instrument specifically questioned respondents on workforce reductions, the omission of politically contentious terms—including 'climate change'—and the effectiveness of agency scientific integrity and whistleblower policies.

The document details a screening process to identify champion Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) practices in Nepal, utilizing a combination of on-farm trials, household surveys, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The methodology evaluates technologies based on three pillars—food security, adaptation, and mitigation—alongside Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI). The process resulted in a final list of 17 champion CSAs, with specific allocations for the high-hill, mid-hill, and Terai regions. Findings indicate that farmers prioritize food security above all other criteria, and that packaging multiple technologies is more effective for building resilience than standalone practices.

The report develops the Transnational Climate Impacts (TCI) Index to measure how countries are exposed to climate risks originating outside their borders. Using a framework of four risk pathways—biophysical, finance, people, and trade—alongside a global context indicator, the authors identify nine indicators of exposure. The resulting index reveals that many high-income, small European nations are highly exposed to transnational risks, contrasting with traditional vulnerability indices that primarily highlight low-income nations. The authors present this as a tool to raise awareness for national adaptation planning, though they note it is a preliminary instrument not yet intended for direct decision-making.

The document details the methodology used to value the global ocean economy, estimating a total asset value of 24 trillion USD and an annual economic contribution of approximately 2.5 trillion USD. It employs market-based and value-based (Net Present Value) approaches across seven asset categories and five annual activity categories, while explicitly excluding oil and gas production to avoid inflating the 'blue economy' value.

The report details the implementation of a survey conducted by the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) and Iowa State University's Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology (CSSM) to examine the role of science and government oversight in food safety. It outlines the sampling process for 8,122 employees across the FDA, USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS), and USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), the data collection procedures used between March and May 2010, and the resulting response rate of 21.62%. The document also includes the full survey instrument, which investigates political interference in science, job satisfaction, and the influence of business interests on public health decisions.

The Reinventing Fire transportation analysis evaluates efficiency pathways for U.S. autos, heavy trucks, and airplanes through 2050. It distinguishes between 'Improved Design' (technological upgrades) and 'Improved Use' (reducing vehicle-miles traveled), while incorporating a consumer adoption model for high-efficiency vehicles and a supply-cost model for inedible biofuels. The methodology integrates these findings into an economy-wide model to calculate net present value savings, estimating a total net saving of $3,757 billion in 2009 dollars.

The Union of Concerned Scientists evaluated 40 companies in the packaged food, personal care, fast food, and store brands sectors based on their commitments to deforestation-free and peat-free palm oil, traceability, transparency, and current sourcing. Scoring was based on public documents available as of January 16, 2015, and included a weighted analysis of current sourcing. Results showed significant variance, with Nestle scoring the highest (90.5) and several companies, including Clorox and various store brands, scoring zero.