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Since 2000, Britain's offshore wind sector has grown to 16,000 MW of capacity, providing 17% of the country's total generation in 2024 and employing approximately 40,000 people. The industry has evolved from the 4 MW Blyth wind farm to massive projects like Hornsea 2 (1.3 GW) and the under-construction Dogger Bank (3.6 GW). While the 'Contracts for Difference' (CfD) model has influenced global policy and provided price stability for consumers, the sector currently faces supply chain bottlenecks and inflation. Future growth depends on standardising turbine components, expanding national manufacturing in areas like blade technology and deep-water foundations, and leveraging new investments from Great British Energy.

India aims for 500 GW of non-fossil electricity capacity by 2030, but the target has slipped to 2031-32. While India produces 70-80% of its wind turbines domestically and exports significantly to the US, its solar PV sector is heavily dependent on China, which held over 80% of the global module market in 2022. India is attempting to build domestic solar supply chains via the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme and the Approved List of Models and Manufacturers (ALMM), though it remains reliant on imports for critical minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel. Recycling is identified as essential for future supply chain security, with solar PV waste projected to reach nearly 19,000 kt by 2050.

Russia's steel industry remains dominated by emissions-intensive coal-based blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) technology, which accounts for 60.9% of its 88,400 ttpa operating capacity. Despite pressures from the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and corporate sustainability reporting rules in the EU and US, Russian companies are refurbishing old blast furnaces and planning new ones rather than transitioning to low-emissions electric arc furnace (EAF) or hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI) production. While Russia aims to produce 550 thousand tonnes of hydrogen per annum, it lacks domestic demand and faces challenges in DRI-EAF deployment due to the exit of key Western suppliers like Midrex, Danieli, and Primetals. The report suggests that redirecting investments from blast furnace relinings to hydrogen-based DRI could stimulate the domestic hydrogen market and align Russian steel with global decarbonization standards.

The document outlines the potential for South Africa to expand its local wind energy industry, noting that while some components like towers and transformers are produced domestically, most turbine parts are imported. It highlights the need for targeted industrial support, such as concessional finance and the development of precast concrete facilities, to increase local content. The text also notes that South Africa's Integrated Resource Plan targets a wind energy share of 21% (17,742 MW) by 2030, which would require approximately 5,000 new large turbines.

Louisiana is the largest U.S. ecosystem for hydrogen, ranking first nationally in dedicated hydrogen production and serving as a major hub for petroleum refining, ammonia, and methanol production.

China's wind and solar megabases are increasingly relying on local industrial consumption and standalone battery storage to mitigate transmission bottlenecks and curtailment. However, the integration of renewables into coal-to-chemicals projects, such as those by Baofeng Energy, risks supplementing rather than replacing coal. Furthermore, the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030) is characterized as conservative regarding transmission capacity and fossil fuel phase-out, potentially allowing coal-fired generation to rebound if demand growth exceeds renewable deployment.