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The report argues that India's reliance on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and piped natural gas (PNG) creates energy security risks and fiscal burdens due to high import dependence and subsidies. It advocates for a shift toward decentralized biogas for rural households and e-cooking for urban areas to align with net-zero goals. Fieldwork in Punjab, Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand shows that biogas is highly satisfactory and reduces firewood use by 70%, though high upfront costs remain a barrier. In urban centers like Delhi and Bengaluru, e-cooking is found to be cheaper in operational expenditure than LPG or PNG, with the potential to save the government up to INR 2.4 trillion in subsidies by 2050 under a high-growth scenario.

The document identifies significant structural, gender-based, and climate-related barriers that prevent women-led enterprises in Nepal from accessing formal and climate finance. Based on a survey of 200 enterprises, it highlights a reliance on personal savings and a lack of preparedness for climate shocks. It recommends a multi-stakeholder approach involving policy alignment, tailored capacity building, de-risking financial instruments, and the promotion of cooperatives to improve market power.

Clean Air Task Force (CATF) conducted a multi-country survey of over 430 oil and gas sites across 15 European countries between February 2021 and March 2023 using optical gas imaging (OGI). The survey found evidence of methane emissions at 289 sites, identifying 881 sources of emissions. The report highlights that emissions occur at every stage of the supply chain, with storage tanks, vent stacks, unlit flares, and piping leaks being the most common sources. It specifically notes significant maintenance failures in Romania and continuous venting at various compressor stations across the bloc. CATF argues that voluntary industry commitments and self-reporting are insufficient, as observed emissions often contradict corporate claims. The report recommends that the EU adopt a comprehensive LDAR program, ban routine venting and flaring, establish a mandatory monitor, report, and verify (MRV) system, implement tough import standards for fossil fuels, and create a program to remediate abandoned wells.

Clean Air Task Force (CATF) conducted a survey of over 250 oil and gas sites across 11 EU member states using optical gas imaging, finding evidence of methane emissions at 180 of those sites. The report identifies storage tanks, vent stacks, and piping leaks as primary emission sources and highlights a significant problem with poorly maintained wells in Romania. CATF argues that current industry self-regulation and voluntary commitments are insufficient, as observed emissions often contradict corporate rhetoric. The report recommends that the EU implement a mandatory Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) program, ban routine venting and flaring, establish a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system, set strict import standards for fossil fuels, and create a program to remediate abandoned wells.

The report describes the implementation of a groundwater monitoring network in Newlands and the Epping/Airport Industria areas of Cape Town. It combines desktop research from databases like WARMS and the National Groundwater Archive with field-based 'groundtruthing' via hydrocensus surveys of private borehole owners. The project identifies the geological characteristics of the Table Mountain Group and Cape Flats aquifers and deploys Solinst Leveloggers to track water levels. The findings highlight a significant increase in private borehole drilling between 2015 and 2019 and note concerns among users regarding water quality and the sustainability of abstraction levels.

The study finds that Netley-Libau Marsh is currently degraded and not functioning as a healthy coastal wetland, with total phosphorus levels in the water significantly exceeding Manitoba Water Quality Guidelines. However, the marsh's cattail communities store substantial amounts of nutrients—estimated at 525 tonnes of phosphorus and 1,965 tonnes of nitrogen—and the report argues that restoring 25% of lost plant communities could further increase these storage capacities by 130 and 500 tonnes, respectively.

The briefing assesses the East Sudan Peace Agreement (ESPA) signed in October 2006 between the government of Sudan and the Eastern Front. While the agreement ended ten years of hostilities, its implementation is hindered by a lack of clear modalities, the absence of international guarantors, and significant disputes over ethnic representation. In Gedaref State, tensions are high because the Eastern Front primarily represents the Hadendowa, Rashaida, and Beni Amir, who are marginal in Gedaref's population. Fieldwork in Gedaref reveals that while 71.7% of interviewed community leaders are satisfied that the ESPA ended the conflict, many view the power-sharing arrangements as unjust and non-inclusive of the state's diverse ethnic groups, including the Shukriya and migrants from Western Sudan. The document warns that these inequities could lead to tribal polarisation or a return to armed conflict if the government does not ensure more equitable wealth and power distribution.