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North Carolina can reduce its power sector CO2 emissions by 29 percent below 2011 levels by 2020 using existing policies and infrastructure. Key strategies include meeting Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard (REPS) targets with in-state generation, increasing the utilization of combined cycle natural gas units, improving coal plant efficiency, and expanding combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Long-term reductions of 69 percent below 2011 levels by 2030 are possible through expanded legislation, including annual energy efficiency savings of 2 percent from 2015 to 2030.

The transport sector in Pakistan is projected to see a 128% increase in greenhouse gas emissions between 2012 and 2030, rising from 35.4 MtCO2e to 80.7 MtCO2e. The document identifies several mitigation strategies, prioritizing efficiency norms for passenger vehicles, road-to-rail transfers, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems, and improved car maintenance. Efficiency norms for passenger cars, taxis, and vans are identified as the highest priority, with a potential reduction of 7.45 MtCO2e by 2030. Shifting freight and passengers from road to rail is another key strategy, though rail's share of freight has dropped to under 1%, with a national target of 20%. The expansion of BRT systems in cities like Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi-Islamabad, and Multan is also highlighted as a means to improve urban mobility and reduce emissions.

This report analyzes ten strategies to reduce energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in California, Oregon, and Washington. It concludes that implementing these measures could reduce regional emissions by 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (MMTCO2e) by 2020, representing a 26% reduction compared to a base case scenario. The analysis suggests these strategies could provide a net present value (NPV) of nearly $40 billion in direct economic savings between 2005 and 2020, primarily driven by energy efficiency and light-duty vehicle standards.

The Climate 2030 Blueprint proposes a combination of a cap-and-trade program and sector-specific complementary policies to reduce U.S. heat-trapping emissions. The analysis indicates that by 2030, the Blueprint could achieve a 56 percent drop in emissions from 2005 levels while generating net annual savings of $464 billion for consumers and businesses. The electricity sector is identified as the primary driver of these reductions, with significant contributions from energy efficiency and renewable energy. The report also highlights improvements in energy security through reduced oil imports and the potential for carbon sequestration in U.S. forests and farmlands.

The document analyzes the U.S. transportation sector's contribution to global warming, noting it is the second-largest source of emissions, primarily driven by light-duty vehicles. It proposes a three-pronged approach: improving vehicle and air conditioning efficiency, transitioning to low-carbon fuels (such as cellulosic biofuels, electricity, and hydrogen), and reducing vehicle miles traveled (VMT) through smart growth and transit expansion. The report details specific fuel economy targets for 2020 and 2030 and advocates for performance-based emission standards over traditional fuel economy standards to better account for non-CO2 emissions and alternative fuels.

The Union of Concerned Scientists identifies a range of 153 to 353 coal-fired generating units in the U.S. that are economically uncompetitive and should be retired. These units, totaling up to 59 GW of capacity, are typically older, underutilized, and lack modern pollution controls. The report argues that retiring these units, alongside 288 already scheduled for closure, would not jeopardize grid reliability and could reduce annual CO2 emissions by 245 to 410 million tons if replaced by natural gas, renewables, or energy efficiency.

The analysis compares the GHG reduction potential of the APA, ACESA, and CLEARA across three scenarios: emissions caps only, caps plus complementary requirements, and a range of potential additional reductions. The APA's emissions caps alone are projected to achieve a 14 percent reduction relative to 2005 levels by 2020 and a 72 percent reduction by 2050. When including complementary requirements and potential additional measures, the APA could reach reductions of up to 19 percent by 2020 and 77 percent by 2050, though the latter depends on the quality and quantity of international offsets. The APA and ACESA are noted to require greater net annual GHG reductions than CLEARA, although the APA's later start year (2013) results in slightly fewer reductions in the first five years compared to the ACESA.

The Cool Food initiative, comprising 30 members as of December 2019, aims to reduce food-related greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2030 relative to a 2015 baseline. The baseline total food-related carbon costs are estimated at over 4,286,000 t CO2e, with animal-based foods—particularly ruminant meats—driving the vast majority of emissions. Achieving the target would reduce annual emissions by more than 1,071,000 t CO2e by 2030.

The document analyzes Japan's 'Warsaw Target' to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 3.8 percent from 2005 levels by 2020. It finds that while this target represents a decrease in ambition compared to the earlier Copenhagen Pledge, it is likely achievable if Japan continues electricity-saving efforts and implements existing mitigation policies. The paper notes a lack of transparency regarding expected emissions reductions for specific policy measures and highlights a contradiction between the promotion of high-efficiency coal-fired power plants and Japan's long-term 2050 mitigation goals.

The analysis indicates that while existing federal and state tools can achieve significant emissions reductions, they are insufficient to meet the U.S. Copenhagen pledge of a 17 percent reduction below 2005 levels by 2020, or the IPCC's mid-century targets to limit global warming to 2 degrees Celsius. The report highlights the Clean Air Act and Department of Transportation fuel efficiency authority as key federal tools, noting that non-energy emissions reductions can be achieved without increasing energy prices. To reach a 2050 reduction goal of 80 to 95 percent, the report argues that Congress and states must augment existing regulatory tools.

Missouri can meet approximately 70 percent of the EPA's emission rate target for 2020-2030 by utilizing existing policies and infrastructure, including energy efficiency targets, renewable energy standards, and increased utilization of natural gas and combined heat and power. To close the remaining gap and exceed targets, the document suggests increasing energy efficiency goals to 2 percent of sales from 2015 onward and expanding the Renewable Energy Standard to all utilities with a target of 20 percent of total generation by 2030.