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This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyzes the distributional welfare impacts of the 2022 energy price crisis in Sweden. It examines how electricity and fuel price increases affected different income deciles and geographical regions, evaluating the effectiveness of policy responses such as fuel tax reductions and direct compensation. The report highlights that low-to-middle income groups and residents of sparsely populated areas were most affected, and argues that short-term subsidies may conflict with Sweden's long-term climate goals of net-zero emissions by 2045.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the fiscal burden and distributional efficiency of electricity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) subsidies in India. It identifies significant knowledge gaps due to outdated census data and proposes various targeting mechanisms—including volumetric, categorical, and income-based approaches—to ensure subsidies reach the poorest households without compromising energy access.