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The report analyzes the failure of diplomatic efforts in Syria, including the Geneva and Astana processes, and maps the fragmented nature of the Syrian Sunni opposition. It details how external actors—primarily Russia, Turkey, and Iran—have established spheres of influence and proxy networks that complicate a sustainable political transition. The authors argue that the peace process has been largely detached from the Syrian people, exacerbated by the rise of extremist groups, the Kurdish issue, and a severe economic crisis compounded by COVID-19.

The report details a December 2006 workshop used to test the first section of the CSC Manual, 'Assessing Conflict'. Participants identified and prioritised conflicts around Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP), specifically focusing on pastoralist encroachment and policy implementation gaps. Using tools like Conflict Trees, Conflict Mapping, and Stakeholder Analysis, the workshop identified root causes—such as land scarcity and ethnic rivalry—and proposed entry points for conflict resolution and sensitivity strategies for the CARE REPA programme.