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This executive summary proposes a "kerosene to solar subsidy swap" in India, suggesting that government funds currently used for kerosene subsidies be redirected to provide marginalized households with off-grid pico solar PV lighting systems. The document argues that such a transition would reduce indoor air pollution and health risks while leveraging a mature market of affordable, certified solar products.

This seminar note, produced by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA), examines potential legal and economic conflicts between the Kyoto Protocol's climate mitigation goals and the trade rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The document identifies risks associated with flexibility mechanisms, domestic policies, and enforcement measures, suggesting that proactive coordination between environmental and trade negotiators is necessary to prevent protectionism and legal disputes.

This white paper examines the integration of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) within sustainable public procurement (SPP), arguing that current models often fail to deliver the best value for taxpayers by overemphasizing upfront purchase prices over long-term operational and environmental costs. The authors identify systemic barriers—including conflicting capital and revenue budgets, a lack of professional expertise, and data gaps—and recommend that LCC be integrated into high-level public expenditure and resource allocation policies rather than remaining a routine procurement task.

This guide, produced by the OECD and the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF), provides policy recommendations for developing countries to combat base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) in the mining sector. It specifically addresses the use of excessive debt by multinational enterprises (MNEs) to shift profits abroad through interest deductions. The document details common aggressive tax planning structures, explains the application of OECD BEPS Action 4, and suggests a combination of fiscal tools to protect national tax bases while maintaining an attractive investment climate.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) discusses the integration of social and environmental safeguards into mangrove restoration projects to ensure climate resilience for both ecosystems and communities. It emphasizes that effective restoration must move beyond simple planting metrics to include biophysical variables and socio-economic indicators. The document provides a framework of safeguards based on Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) guidelines and illustrates their application through the Natur’ELLES project in Senegal, which focuses on gender equality, climate adaptation, and economic development.

This report summarizes a workshop held on March 26, 2009, hosted by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) to assess climate change adaptation activities, research, and capacity in Manitoba. The event brought together academics, policy-makers, and project coordinators to identify priority areas for a proposed Manitoba Climate Research Table and discuss regional adaptation strategies.

This document is a technical annex providing the data, definitions, and analytical methodology used for the International Institute for Sustainable Development's digital story, "Mapping India’s Energy Transition: A Data Dive Into the Strategic Role of State-Owned Enterprises in the Energy Sector." It details the parameters collected for nine central public sector undertakings (PSUs) and India as a whole for the 2024–25 financial year.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the energy transition in Chhattisgarh, India, from FY 2020 to FY 2024. It quantifies government subsidies, public sector undertaking (PSU) investments, and energy-related revenues, highlighting the state's deep fiscal and economic reliance on coal and oil and gas (O&G). The report emphasizes the vulnerability of Chhattisgarh to the energy transition and recommends diversifying revenue sources, better targeting electricity subsidies, and accelerating the shift toward renewable energy to mitigate economic risks.

This fact sheet provides a progress update on Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 7, 'Ensuring Environmental Sustainability', detailing global trends in forest loss, carbon emissions, water stress, ozone depletion, biodiversity, and urban slum conditions.

This briefing note presents resilience indicators for measuring local food systems based on community consultations in Honduras and Nicaragua. It advocates for a systems approach that expands food security assessments beyond food availability, access, and utilization to include supporting infrastructure, natural resources, and governance.

This working paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues for a principles-based approach to developing Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (SDGIs) to accompany the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mandated by the Rio+20 Conference. It emphasizes that the technical process for creating indicators should remain separate from the political goal-setting process to ensure scientific objectivity.

This November 2016 briefing by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the role of Quebec in helping Canada meet its G7 commitment to eliminate fossil fuel subsidies by 2025. The document focuses specifically on consumption subsidies in Quebec, which it argues act as a 'negative price on carbon' and undermine the province's ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets.

This document consists of the final submissions made by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) on October 16, 2000, to an arbitral tribunal. The IISD is petitioning for amicus curiae status in the Chapter 11 NAFTA arbitration between Methanex Corporation and the United States of America, arguing that the case involves significant public interest and environmental issues that warrant independent legal perspectives.

This report evaluates Mexico's readiness and capacity to implement the Mining Policy Framework (MPM) of the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF). Conducted between May and December 2021, the assessment identifies strengths in geological data and regulatory development, while highlighting critical weaknesses in national planning, legal updates, financial benefit distribution, and the management of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM).

This report examines the relationship between human migration and environmental conservation in the Bale Mountains ecosystem of southeast Ethiopia, specifically comparing the Harenna Buluk and Delo Mena woredas. It finds that while land conversion occurs in both areas, large-scale migration into Harenna Buluk has accelerated deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and the abandonment of traditional pastoralist systems in favor of intensive crop farming. The report recommends regulating informal land markets, strengthening participatory forest management bylaws, and developing alternative livelihoods like tourism to protect the region's high biodiversity and critical water-tower functions.

This synthesis report assesses the implementation readiness of the Dominican Republic, Uganda, and Madagascar against the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development's (IGF) Mining Policy Framework. While the countries show medium readiness in legal, financial, and environmental pillars, they are uniformly weak in socioeconomic benefit optimization and the management of artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Key systemic issues include a lack of enforcement capacity, the informality of the ASM sector, and gaps in mine closure and emergency preparedness legislation.

This fact sheet provides guidance for decision-makers on designing mining tax relief policies in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing efficiency, strict eligibility criteria, and conditional support to ensure state aid reaches the most vulnerable operations without benefiting profitable entities.

This report, prepared by the Sustainable Development Strategies Group for the World Bank, provides a detailed analysis and transparency template based on the International Bar Association's (IBA) Model Mining Development Agreement (MMDA) Version 1.0. It outlines the essential components of modern mine development agreements, emphasizing the balance between investor security and the sustainable development of host countries and communities. The document includes a template of MMDA sections, an explanatory narrative on key clauses, and a research summary on the absence of a similar international model for the oil and gas sector.

This brochure describes the activities and outcomes of the Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) project in North America. It outlines a vision for a prosperous mining industry based on environmental and social benefits, long-term policy, technical innovation, and community cooperation. The document highlights 10 specific recommendations for industry transition and references several supporting studies and a framework for assessing sustainability through seven key questions.

This brochure introduces a framework developed by Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development (MMSD) North America to assess whether mining and minerals activities contribute positively or negatively to sustainable development over the long term.