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This case study examines the abduction and forced conscription of children by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in the Gulu District of northern Uganda, focusing on the communities of Palaro and Pabbo. It analyzes the systemic destabilization of these communities, the psychological trauma (PTSD) experienced by former child soldiers and their families, and the failures of current reintegration strategies that focus on individuals rather than the broader family and community networks.

This working draft manual, published by the Institute for Security Studies in February 2000, provides a doctrinal framework for 'peace support operations' (PSOs). It distinguishes between peacekeeping and peace enforcement, emphasizing the roles of consent, impartiality, and the use of force. The guide details the strategic environment, the roles of international bodies like the UN and OAU, and the specific military tasks and techniques required to create a secure environment for civilian peacebuilding efforts.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) provides comments on the Joint Working Group on Compliance (JWGC) Co-Chairs' "Elements" paper regarding the Kyoto Protocol's compliance system. CIEL advocates for a standing compliance body with distinct facilitative, enforcement, and eligibility branches, emphasizing transparency, civil society participation, and a dynamic Compliance Fund to replace "borrowing" as a remedy for non-compliance.

This research paper examines the relationship between shared river systems and interstate conflict, utilizing data added to the Correlates of War contiguity dataset. While the study finds that sharing a river increases the probability of militarized disputes and armed conflict beyond simple contiguity, it notes that this risk factor is smaller than the effect of contiguity itself.

This IISD briefing note analyzes the results of the negotiations for the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, which concluded in Montreal in January 2000. The document examines the Protocol's scope, its operationalization of the precautionary principle, its complex relationship with World Trade Organization (WTO) rules, and the positions of the five major negotiating blocs.

The document is a guide from the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) that provides a community leadership tool designed to improve decision-making for sustainable community development. It introduces a decision-making matrix that allows leaders to evaluate proposed actions against 15 systemic factors, comparing them with 'no-action' or alternative scenarios to identify long-term implications and quality-of-life effects beyond simple financial or technical data.

This document is a participant list for the Tenth Meeting of the IAI Executive Council (EC), which took place in Caracas, Venezuela, on December 02-03, 1999.

This policy brief by the Center for International Environmental Law argues against the inclusion of a 'WTO supremacy clause' in the proposed POPs Convention and advocates for the use of multilateral trade measures to eliminate persistent organic pollutants. It explains how such measures can be justified under WTO environmental exceptions and argues that multilateral agreements should be presumed WTO-consistent.

This report provides an update on the activities of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) from June 15 to November 8, 1999. It details institutional developments, the status of scientific programs including the Initial Science Program (ISP) and the Collaborative Research Network (CRN), capacity-building efforts such as the IAI/UM Summer Institute, and the financial status of voluntary contributions from member countries.

This report by Amory B. Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute argues that nuclear power has suffered a historic economic collapse and is obsolete compared to end-use efficiency, distributed generation, and new energy technologies. Lovins asserts that nuclear power is more expensive than its competitors and that transitioning away from it would improve global security by making nuclear materials harder to acquire.

A 1999 guide by CIEL explaining how citizens can use the World Bank Inspection Panel to report policy violations in development projects. It details eligibility criteria, the investigation process, the limitations of the Panel's power, and the risks of borrower reprisals.

This research paper by the Center for International Environmental Law surveys compliance information and response systems across various multilateral agreements to provide lessons for policy makers designing the Kyoto Protocol's compliance mechanisms. It analyzes how different regimes handle reporting, review, initiation of non-compliance procedures, determination of violations, and the application of facilitative or punitive response measures.

This report by the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) provides a review of dispute resolution options for negotiators of the Draft Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Central and Western Pacific Region. It analyzes the existing legal frameworks of UNCLOS and the SSA, evaluates the effectiveness of various international tribunals and arbitration, and draws lessons from other international regimes—such as the WTO and the Montreal Protocol—to recommend mechanisms that enhance transparency, scientific rigor, and efficiency in fisheries management.

The Community Drought Mitigation Project (CDMP), implemented by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) and Environment and Development Activities (ENDA-Zimbabwe) between 1996 and 1999, aimed to enhance sustainable livelihoods in the drought-prone areas of Mudzi and Gwanda, Zimbabwe. Using a sustainable livelihoods framework, the project integrated local adaptive strategies with appropriate technologies and policy analysis to reduce community vulnerability to drought.

This report documents the proceedings of the Regional Forum on Trade and Environment held in San Salvador from July 7 to 10, 1999. Organized by SG-SICA, CCAD, IISD, IDRC, and IUCN, the forum aimed to establish a regional agenda for Central America to integrate environmental sustainability into global and regional trade negotiations, particularly within the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA).

This report by the Institute for Security Studies examines the relationship between corruption and development, with a specific focus on South Africa. It argues that corruption is a global phenomenon that distorts public spending, undermines efficiency, and discourages investment, thereby hindering economic growth and social equity. The authors contend that while economic liberalisation and democratisation can create opportunities for better governance, they are not panaceas; instead, a multifaceted approach involving institutional reform, legal frameworks, and strong political will is required to eradicate corruption and promote sustainable development.

This document is a table of contents and introductory page for a working draft manual titled 'Peace Support Operations: A Working Draft Manual for African Military Practitioners', produced during a meeting in Harare from 24-26 August 1999.

This research paper by Konrad von Moltke examines the complex relationship between international trade and environmental protection, specifically focusing on the World Trade Organization (WTO). The author argues that the trade regime must integrate environmental concerns and sustainable development to maintain its political legitimacy and operational effectiveness, particularly as it approached the 'Millennium Round' of negotiations in 1999.

The Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL) submitted comments to the US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) arguing that traditional knowledge of biological diversity is frequently overlooked as prior art, leading to the improper granting of patents. The document recommends stricter disclosure requirements for applicants, the systematic use of ethnobotanical databases and herbarium specimens in searches, and the consideration of moral grounds for denying patents on sacred indigenous resources.

A statement by Amory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins critiquing the shift from traditional botany to 'genetic engineering' (transgenics), arguing that the latter prioritizes economic profit and patentability over ecological safety and biological wisdom.