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This guide argues that States have extraterritorial obligations (ETOs) to protect human rights from environmental destruction and climate change. Using the Maastricht Principles, it asserts that States must regulate transnational corporations and cooperate internationally to prevent transboundary harm, citing examples such as illegal logging in tropical forests and hazardous shipbreaking in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan.

This 2014 fact sheet by the Environmental and Energy Study Institute (EESI) provides a comprehensive overview of employment figures in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sectors within the United States and globally. It synthesizes data from government agencies, international organizations, and industry groups to highlight job creation trends and the economic impact of clean energy investments.

This guide, published by Friends of the Earth International in December 2014, provides communities with information and strategies to resist 'land grabbing' by governments and corporations. It explains the conflict between customary and national land laws, outlines international human rights mechanisms for protection, and critiques common promises made by companies to justify land acquisition.

This guide by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines performance requirements (PRs) in investment treaties, analyzing their types, their prohibition under WTO rules, and their treatment in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). It evaluates how these requirements impact the policy flexibility of developing countries and provides options for states to preserve their ability to impose PRs to maximize the economic, social, and environmental benefits of foreign direct investment.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines how fossil-fuel subsidies act as a barrier to the deployment of renewable electricity. It argues that these subsidies impair the cost competitiveness of renewables, reinforce the dominance of incumbent fossil-fuel systems, and distort investment decisions. The document advocates for fossil-fuel subsidy reform and the pricing of environmental externalities to create a more sustainable energy system.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) examines the international arbitration case Vattenfall v. Germany II, focusing on the lack of transparency regarding the proceedings and the financial implications for the German public following the country's decision to accelerate its nuclear energy phase-out.

This briefing note by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines the Vattenfall v. Germany II arbitration case, focusing on the lack of transparency regarding Germany's decision to phase out nuclear power and the resulting financial claims by Vattenfall.

This consultation background paper, published by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) in December 2014, outlines the context for developing a new provincial climate change and green economy plan for Manitoba. It specifically focuses on the role of peatlands in emissions reduction, climate resilience, and economic development, while reviewing Manitoba's previous emissions performance and comparing climate policies across other jurisdictions.

This report by the Institute for Security Studies analyzes the precarious electoral environment in Benin as of December 2014. It focuses on the delays in updating the permanent computerized electoral list (LEPI), the risks of political instability surrounding the 2015 legislative and 2016 presidential elections, and the legal and social barriers preventing President Thomas Boni Yayi from seeking a third term.

The South African Constitutional Court declared the automatic inclusion of child offenders on the National Register for Sex Offenders unconstitutional, ruling that it violates the principle that a child's best interests must be paramount. The Court held that sentencing courts must have the discretion to decide on registration based on individual circumstances. Parliament was given 15 months to remedy the legislation.

This research paper by Natural Justice examines the dynamics of community-company engagements in the extractive industries, focusing on the power imbalances between corporations and indigenous or local communities. It outlines various types of agreements, evaluates the effectiveness of different engagement models (government-led vs. community-led), and provides a comprehensive overview of international human rights standards and legal frameworks that govern these interactions.

This report by Natural Justice provides a comprehensive review of Mozambique's legal and policy frameworks regarding the rights of local communities and indigenous peoples to land and natural resources. It examines the tension between progressive laws, such as the 1997 Land Law, and a trend toward 're-concentration' of power by the State to facilitate large-scale extractive and agricultural investments. The document highlights systemic failures in community consultation, the marginalization of community-based natural resource management (CBNRM), and the impact of resettlement projects in the mining sector.

This guide, published by Natural Justice in December 2014, provides an overview of regional and international grievance and advocacy mechanisms available to indigenous peoples and local communities. It categorizes these tools into UN human rights systems, regional human rights systems, international and regional financial institutions, industry-specific standards, and other advocacy opportunities, detailing eligibility, processes, and potential barriers for each.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the governance of Namibia's fisheries since independence in 1990. It analyzes the country's efforts to rebuild fish stocks, capture economic rents, and promote local ownership through 'Namibianisation' policies, while highlighting the ecological challenges of the Benguela Current ecosystem and the risks of developing new deep-sea fisheries.

This policy briefing examines whether the 'Bali Package'—a set of agreements reached at the 9th WTO Ministerial Conference in December 2013—can resolve the impasse of the Doha Development Round and secure the future of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The author argues that while the package restored faith in the multilateral system and introduced a novel approach to special and differential treatment (SDT), it fails to address the fundamental structural problems of the Doha Round and is overshadowed by the rise of mega-regional trade agreements.

This policy briefing examines the implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) National Programme of Action (NPoA) in Nigeria. It identifies critical failures in monitoring, evaluation, and funding, while highlighting the decline of civil society engagement and the lack of legal standing for NEPAD Nigeria. The document provides lessons on the necessity of political will, communication, and technical capacity for the APRM to succeed as a governance tool.

This policy briefing examines the Permanent Okavango River Basin Water Commission (OKACOM), a joint authority managing the Cubango-Okavango River System between Angola, Namibia, and Botswana. It analyzes the drivers of OKACOM's 20 years of successful cooperation and identifies future challenges, including climate change and asymmetrical economic benefits, while providing recommendations for sustainable trans-boundary water governance.

EMBARQ Brasil provided technical assistance to Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, and Brasilia to implement bus rapid transit (BRT) systems. By 2014, 154 kilometers of corridors were launched, reducing commute times by 50% for 1.5 million people. An additional 211 kilometers of BRT are currently being planned or implemented in these cities.

The Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa ordered ArcelorMittal (AMSA) to disclose environmental records, including a 'Masterplan' on pollution levels at its Vanderbijlpark plant, to the Vaal Environmental Justice Alliance (VEJA). The court ruled that VEJA's request was valid under the Promotion of Access to Information Act (PAIA) for the protection of environmental rights, emphasizing that corporate secrecy is unacceptable in matters of environmental protection and that public participation is essential for constitutional enforcement.

Friends of the Earth International asserts that climate change acts as a threat multiplier that increases violence against women by exacerbating poverty and resource scarcity, forcing women into dangerous areas to secure necessities, and targeting women who lead environmental defense movements.