Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan

This fact sheet outlines greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation options for the residential, commercial, and agriculture (RCA) sectors in Pakistan. It identifies 12 potential options to improve energy efficiency, with a focus on replacing inefficient appliances and irrigation systems to reduce a projected rise in emissions from 29 MtCO2e in 2012 to 61 MtCO2e by 2030.

• The residential, commercial, and agricultural (RCA) sectors account for just under 30 per cent of Pakistan's energy demand and contributed approximately 9 per cent of national GHG emissions in 2012.
• GHG emissions from the RCA sector are projected to more than double between 2012 and 2030, increasing from approximately 29 MtCO2e to 61 MtCO2e.
• Twelve mitigation options were identified for the RCA sector, including efficient lighting, stoves, water heaters, space heaters, refrigerators, air conditioners, fans, water pumps, irrigation, improved roof insulation, solar thermal water heating, and increased use of biomass and biogas.
• Efficient stoves are identified as one of the most cost-effective options, offering a 43% abatement potential in 2030 and an estimated GHG emission saving of 12.86 MtCO2e.
• Lighting accounts for 28 per cent of electricity consumption in the residential sector and 15 per cent in the commercial sector. Replacing incandescent bulbs with CFLs and updating FTL ballasts could save 2.19 MtCO2e by 2030.
• The number of refrigerators is projected to grow from 12.8 million in 2014 to 44.3 million by 2030. Replacing 24 per cent of these with efficient devices is proposed as a mitigation strategy.
• Cooling via fans and air conditioners uses approximately 45 per cent of residential electricity and 25.1 per cent of commercial electricity. The number of air conditioners is expected to reach 11.1 million by 2030.
• Agriculture uses 94 per cent of Pakistan's water consumption, primarily via tube wells powered by electricity or diesel (87 per cent). Improving irrigation and pump efficiency can increase yields by up to 100 per cent.

APA

Climate and Development Knowledge Network (n.d.). Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf

Chicago

Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan. n.d. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |title=Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateanddevelopmentknowledgenetworkndgreenhouse, author = {{Climate and Development Knowledge Network}}, title = {{Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }