Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan

The document analyzes energy demand and GHG emissions in Pakistan's residential, commercial, and agriculture (RCA) sectors, which accounted for roughly 9 per cent of national emissions in 2012. It identifies 12 mitigation options, prioritizing nine based on abatement potential and cost-effectiveness. Key measures include replacing inefficient lighting, stoves, and cooling appliances, as well as improving irrigation pumps. The report projects that without intervention, RCA sector emissions will grow from 29 MtCO2e in 2012 to 61 MtCO2e by 2030. The most significant abatement potential in 2030 is attributed to efficient stoves (12.86 MtCO2e) and efficient lighting (2.19 MtCO2e).

• The residential, commercial, and agricultural (RCA) sectors together represent just under 30 per cent of Pakistan's energy demand and contributed approximately 9 per cent of national greenhouse gas emissions in 2012.
• Greenhouse gas emissions from the RCA sector are projected to more than double between 2012 and 2030, increasing from approximately 29 MtCO2e to 61 MtCO2e.
• Of the 12 identified mitigation options, efficient stoves offer the highest GHG emission savings by 2030 at 12.86 MtCO2e, with an abatement potential of 43%.
• Lighting accounts for 28 per cent of residential and 15 per cent of commercial electricity consumption; replacing incandescent bulbs with CFLs and updating FTL ballasts is identified as a low-cost option with short payback times.
• The number of refrigerators in Pakistan is expected to grow from 12.8 million in 2014 to 44.3 million by 2030, making the replacement of 24 per cent of these units with efficient devices a significant mitigation opportunity.
• Cooling via fans and air conditioners consumes approximately 45 per cent of residential and 25.1 per cent of commercial electricity; the document suggests replacing 29 per cent of air conditioners with units that are 40 per cent more efficient.
• Agriculture uses 94 per cent of Pakistan's water consumption, mostly via tube wells; replacing 90 per cent of water pumps with devices 50 per cent more efficient could lead to significant savings, including 38 per cent for electric pumps and 50 per cent for diesel pumps.

APA

Climate and Development Knowledge Network (n.d.). Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf

Chicago

Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan. n.d. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |title=Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateanddevelopmentknowledgenetworkndgreenhouse, author = {{Climate and Development Knowledge Network}}, title = {{Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Greenhouse-Gas-Mitigation-Options-for-Pakistan.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }