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1,110 documents from RMI
The Origins of the Nuclear Power Fiasco
The author describes the U.S. nuclear power industry as the "greatest collapse of any enterprise in industrial history," attributing this failure to a combination of institutional hubris, skewed economic data, and a federal policy focus on hardware over energy efficiency. The text details how the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Department of Energy (DOE) promoted myths regarding the cost-competitiveness of nuclear power compared to coal and ignored the potential of energy productivity improvements. It further examines the failure of the breeder reactor and reprocessing programs, arguing that the federal government continues to subsidize an uncompetitive technology while ignoring cheaper, more efficient alternatives.
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Document type: Research paper
Life Cycle Cost Analysis: Is it Worth the Effort?
The document advocates for a four-step life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) process—establishing a baseline, defining energy efficiency measures (EEMs), calculating financial metrics, and bundling measures—to avoid the sub-optimal design choices often resulting from simple payback analysis. It demonstrates through a fictional chiller replacement example and a real-world 20,000 square-foot retail store retrofit that LCCA can reveal positive net present value (NPV) and higher internal rates of return (IRR) by accounting for avoided business-as-usual costs and synergistic effects. The authors conclude that while LCCA requires more effort in data collection and modeling, the potential for significant energy cost savings and carbon emission reductions makes it worth the investment.
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Document type: Research paper
Reply to William Tucker's critique of Amory Lovins's article "Nuclear Socialism"
Amory Lovins defends his position that nuclear power lacks a viable business case, noting that new U.S. reactors cannot attract private capital despite significant subsidies. He contrasts this with the growth of renewables, which attracted $131 billion in global private investment in the previous year.
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Document type: Statement
ENERGY MODELING AT EACH DESIGN PHASE: STRATEGIES TO MINIMIZE DESIGN ENERGY USE
The document outlines how energy modeling can be transformed from a late-stage accounting tool into a strategic design driver. It advocates for an integrated design process where modelers engage from the concept phase to influence fundamental decisions on building size, orientation, and passive loads. By utilizing 'theoretical minimum' energy models and Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA), modelers can provide economic justifications for efficiency measures, potentially reducing both first costs and lifetime energy consumption.
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Document type: Research paper
Reinventing Fire Industry Sector Methodology
The Reinventing Fire industry model uses a stock-flow framework and EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2010 data to simulate the adoption of energy-saving measures in the U.S. industrial sector from 2010 to 2050. It tracks energy consumption, fuel expenditures, and capital investment across various manufacturing and non-manufacturing industries. The model incorporates efficient technologies, combined heat and power (CHP), waste-heat-to-electricity, and integrative design for machine drives, while accounting for refining transformations as demand shifts toward biofuels and hydrogen.
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Document type: Guide
Pre-Read for BEM Innovation Summit
The document analyzes the U.S. building energy modeling (BEM) sector, identifying a lack of credibility, fragmented software tools, and a shortage of skilled practitioners as primary barriers. It details the evolution of BEM from early computer programs to modern BIM integration and examines the role of market drivers like LEED and ASHRAE standards. The text proposes a collaborative roadmap to standardize methods, improve education, and enhance the accuracy of energy predictions to support low-energy building solutions.
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Document type: Report
Sustainable Zero Net Energy – Identifying the Essentials for Solutions
The document examines the transition toward zero net energy (ZNE) buildings and distributed energy resources (DERs), highlighting the misalignment between traditional utility business models and the bidirectional power flows of ZNE designs. It argues that current volumetric rate structures and net energy metering (NEM) can create economic inefficiencies and equity issues. To resolve this, the authors propose a framework involving more rigorous measurement of DER impacts, the use of price signals to align customer incentives with grid value, and the evolution of utility models toward either incentive-based regulation or a 'network utility' approach. The paper emphasizes the need for metrics that account for short-term grid interaction rather than just annual energy balances.
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Document type: Research paper
REINVENTING FIRE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
The report argues that distributed and demand-side resources—including energy efficiency, demand response, and solar PV—can fill the near-term supply gap created by the shutdown of the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station (SONGS) while supporting California's long-term greenhouse gas reduction goals. It evaluates various resources based on size, cost, deployment speed, and persistence, recommending the creation of capacity markets and the streamlining of permitting and interconnection processes to accelerate adoption.
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Document type: Report
Making Waves at The Atlantic: A Rebuttal to The Atlantic Magazine’s Contention That “We’re Going to Keep Burning Oil—and Lots of It”
This document is a rebuttal by Amory B. Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) to an article and subsequent response by Charles C. Mann in The Atlantic. Lovins argues that Mann ignores the role of efficiency and technological innovation in reducing oil demand and misrepresents the reliability and economic viability of renewable energy, specifically in Germany.
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Document type: Report
Using Contracting to Improve Building Project Delivery and Achieve Sustainability Goals
The document identifies systemic failures in traditional building project delivery—such as linear design sequences, risk-aversion leading to oversized equipment, and a lack of whole-systems thinking—that undermine energy efficiency and productivity. It proposes a shift toward Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and specific contract mechanisms, including shared risk, multi-party contracts, and early stakeholder involvement, to align incentives and enable design integration. The report cites a case study of the Autodesk AEC Solutions Division Headquarters as a successful application of IPD that achieved LEED Platinum certification and reduced costs.
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Document type: Report
360° PERSPECTIVE ON DEEP ENERGY RETROFITS
The GSA's National Deep Energy Retrofit (NDER) program demonstrated that deep energy retrofits can achieve significantly higher savings than typical federal projects, with 10 GSA ESPC projects averaging 38% savings compared to 21% in other agencies. A stakeholder workshop identified key barriers in project delivery, team dynamics, integrative design, operations and maintenance (O&M), and project economics. Recommended improvements include transitioning to whole-building performance contracts for O&M and combining energy efficiency contracts with appropriated renovation funds to incentivize deeper savings.
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Document type: Executive summary
LOW INCOME SOLUTIONS IN A HIGH DER FUTURE
The report identifies low-income (LI) and fixed-income (FI) customers as critical segments at risk during the transition to distributed energy resources (DER). It maps their specific concerns—including rate affordability, technological barriers, and a lack of trust in environmental groups—against potential conflicts with smart grid and renewable technologies. The document suggests that while some solutions like rebate programs and customer education exist, there are unmet needs in incentive distribution, fair rate structures, and trust-building collaboration.
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Document type: Report
Oil-Free Transportation
The paper proposes a 'lightweighting first' strategy to drastically reduce tractive load in automobiles, trucks, and aircraft, making electric and hydrogen powertrains more affordable and efficient. It argues that integrating advanced materials like carbon-fiber composites with smarter logistics and urban planning can lead to an oil-free U.S. transportation sector by 2050, providing significant economic savings and carbon emission reductions.
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Document type: Research paper
SENSE AND RESPONSE
The paper examines the historical relationship between human settlements and their environments, contrasting traditional sustainable systems with modern industrial disengagement. It proposes a new regionalism in architecture that uses climatic data to inform design and advocates for 'ecological utilities'—buildings designed primarily to repair and rebuild the environment by providing ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water remediation, and soil regeneration.
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Document type: Research paper
Commentary to Nathan Gardels
Amory Lovins critiques the 'undiscriminating goal' of scientific progress, highlighting the dangers of nuclear fission, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and AI. He argues that genetic manipulation and nuclear power are economically inefficient and ecologically dangerous compared to alternatives like energy efficiency and biologically informed agriculture.
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Document type: Statement
Assessing the Electric Productivity Gap and the U.S. Efficiency Opportunity
The report identifies a significant disparity in electric productivity (GDP per kWh) across U.S. states. After normalizing for climate and economic composition, RMI finds a remaining gap of 1.2 million GWh annually. Closing this gap could reduce projected 2020 electricity demand by 34% compared to business-as-usual scenarios while maintaining economic growth.
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Document type: Report
The Greening of Human Settlements
The author posits that a new industrial revolution is emerging, driven by the need to use nature more productively. By applying 'natural capitalism'—which values nature and people—and integrative design, developers can create high-performance, low-impact human settlements that are more profitable and desirable than traditional developments. Examples such as Village Homes in California and the city of Curitiba, Brazil, demonstrate that reducing resource depletion and pollution can lead to superior financial and social outcomes, including lower crime and higher market value.
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Document type: Report
Greening the White House: A Comprehensive Energy and Environmental Retrofit
The Greening the White House Project, initiated by the Clinton Administration in 1993, aims to transform the White House complex into a model of efficiency and environmental responsibility. The project employs a six-component approach: audits, a feasibility study, early actions, demonstration spaces, long-term initiatives, and technology transfer. Key efforts include upgrading the building envelope, improving lighting and HVAC systems, and implementing sustainable procurement. The project emphasizes an integrated design process to reduce resource consumption by potentially 50% or more while respecting the historic and security requirements of the site.
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Document type: Report
ENERGY, ECONOMICS AND CLIMATE - AN EDITORIAL
This editorial by Amory B. Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins of the Rocky Mountain Institute argues that the perceived inevitability of increased fossil fuel consumption is a flawed assumption. By applying engineering-economic analysis, the authors suggest that a 'least-cost energy strategy' focusing on energy efficiency and renewables can reduce fossil fuel reliance to nearly zero within half a century, effectively mitigating the CO2 problem through economic rationality rather than solely through climatic cost-benefit analyses.
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Document type: Report
Paying for Growth, Prospering from Development
The report distinguishes between 'growth' (increase in size) and 'development' (increase in quality), arguing that rapid community expansion often leads to higher taxes and degraded public services. It identifies a 'growth subsidy' where existing taxpayers fund infrastructure for newcomers, creating a cycle of dependency on further expansion. The authors propose sustainable development alternatives, such as import replacement and energy efficiency, to build local wealth without increasing community size.
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Document type: Report