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A coalition of organizations wrote to Governor Patrick McCrory of North Carolina advocating for the expansion of energy efficiency programs as the most cost-effective way to comply with the Clean Power Plan. The letter argues that efficiency measures—including updated building codes and combined heat and power—could meet 56 percent of the state's 2030 compliance goal, saving residents $652 million and avoiding 8.9 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

The document argues that energy efficiency is the lowest-cost method for reducing emissions and managing energy demand in North Dakota. It recommends expanding loan programs, adopting utility performance incentives, and opting into the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP). The authors claim that implementing specific energy-efficiency policies could meet 20 percent of North Dakota's 2030 compliance goal under the Clean Power Plan, potentially saving residents $335 million and avoiding over 2.5 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

A coalition of energy and environmental organizations wrote to Governor Mary Fallin of Oklahoma, arguing that energy efficiency is the lowest-cost method for reducing emissions and meeting Clean Power Plan goals. The letter suggests that implementing specific policies—such as updated building codes and combined heat and power—could meet 87% of Oklahoma's 2030 compliance target, saving the state $288 million and avoiding 10.7 million tons of carbon dioxide.

A coalition of organizations advocates for the use of energy efficiency measures in Pennsylvania to meet Clean Power Plan compliance limits, arguing that such policies would save residents $4.7 billion and avoid over 20 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

A coalition of organizations wrote to Governor Nikki Haley advocating for the expansion of energy efficiency programs in South Carolina as the most affordable way to reduce emissions and comply with the Clean Power Plan. The letter highlights that efficiency measures could meet nearly 50 percent of the state's 2030 compliance goal, potentially saving residents $1.2 billion and avoiding 4.8 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. The authors recommend adopting energy-savings targets, updating building energy codes, increasing combined heat and power use, and opting into the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP).

A coalition of organizations wrote to Governor Dennis Daugaard of South Dakota advocating for the use of energy efficiency as the most cost-effective strategy for complying with the Clean Power Plan. The letter argues that energy efficiency can reduce emissions, create local jobs, and lower utility bills for residents and businesses. It suggests expanding existing programs like the South Dakota Energy Smart initiative and adopting non-utility measures such as updated building energy codes and combined heat and power. According to the authors, implementing these policies could allow South Dakota to meet over 100 percent of its 2030 compliance goal, saving customers $239 million and avoiding 1.8 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.

A coalition of organizations advocates for Tennessee to utilize energy efficiency as its primary mechanism for meeting Clean Power Plan goals, arguing it is the lowest-cost option for reducing emissions and lowering consumer bills. The letter suggests adopting energy-savings targets, updated building codes, and combined heat and power to meet nearly 50 percent of the state's 2030 compliance goal, potentially saving residents $689 million and avoiding 6.3 million tons of carbon dioxide.

A coalition of organizations wrote to Governor Gregg Abbot advocating for the use of energy efficiency as the most cost-effective strategy for Texas to comply with the Clean Power Plan. The authors argue that implementing specific efficiency policies—such as updated building codes and combined heat and power—could meet 89 percent of the state's 2030 compliance goal, saving Texans $5.5 billion and avoiding 55 million tons of carbon dioxide.

A coalition of organizations advocates for Utah to prioritize energy efficiency as the lowest-cost method for reducing emissions and meeting Clean Power Plan goals. The letter highlights that implementing specific efficiency policies could meet 47 percent of Utah's 2030 compliance goal, saving the state $5.8 billion and avoiding 3.9 million tons of carbon dioxide.

A coalition of organizations wrote to Governor Terry McAuliffe of Virginia on March 2, 2016, advocating for the maximization of energy efficiency investments to comply with the Clean Power Plan. The authors argue that efficiency is the lowest-cost demand-side resource and can provide rapid emissions reductions while creating local jobs. They specifically recommend that Virginia opt into the Clean Energy Incentive Program (CEIP) and utilize non-utility programs such as energy savings performance contracts and updated building energy codes. According to the letter, implementing a set of common efficiency policies could meet 85 percent of Virginia's 2030 compliance limit, potentially saving the state over $1.8 billion and avoiding more than 7 million tons of carbon dioxide pollution.

A coalition of organizations advocates for West Virginia to prioritize energy efficiency as the lowest-cost method for reducing emissions and meeting Clean Power Plan goals, highlighting potential savings of $410 million and the avoidance of 5 million tons of carbon dioxide.

A coalition of energy and environmental organizations advocates for the use of energy efficiency as the primary strategy for Wisconsin to meet Clean Power Plan goals, citing its potential to save $2.5 billion and avoid 11.8 million tons of CO2 emissions.

A coalition of organizations urges Governor Matt Mead of Wyoming to prioritize energy efficiency as the lowest-cost method for reducing emissions and meeting Clean Power Plan goals. The letter argues that expanding utility and non-utility efficiency programs—such as building energy codes and combined heat and power—would save Wyoming residents $2 billion and avoid over 2.6 million tons of carbon dioxide while supporting local job growth.

The report finds that global geothermal operating capacity reached 13.3 GW across 24 countries by January 2016, with a forecast to reach 18.4 GW by 2021. While international growth is supported by COP21 commitments and the Global Geothermal Alliance's goal of 65 GW by 2030, the U.S. market has nearly stalled at 3.7 GW of nameplate capacity due to cheap natural gas and unbalanced tax incentives. The report highlights that only 6-7% of global geothermal potential has been tapped and emphasizes the need for increased public financing to drive private investment in developing nations.

The document traces the evolution of octane boosters in the United States, from the early use of tetraethyl lead to the current reliance on the BTEX complex and ethanol. It details how health concerns—such as lead poisoning in children and groundwater contamination from MTBE—led to regulatory phase-outs under the Clean Air Act and its amendments. The author argues that increasing ethanol blends (specifically mid-level blends between E25 and E40) can enhance engine efficiency, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and reduce the health risks associated with petroleum-based aromatics.

Dr. Daniel A. Reifsnyder describes the iterative process of drafting the Paris Agreement, emphasizing the shift toward a 'Party-driven' approach and the breakdown of the 'firewall' between developed and developing nations. He highlights the importance of the October 5 non-paper as a template for the final deal and details the agreement's core goals, including temperature limits and a robust transparency system.

The FY 2017 budget proposal seeks to increase clean energy R&D funding to $12.8 billion by 2021, featuring a $10.25-per-barrel crude oil tax to fund sustainable transportation and significant increases for the Department of Energy's renewable energy and efficiency programs. It also includes $1.3 billion for the Global Climate Change Initiative and $291 million for Power Africa, while targeting a 83 percent reduction in domestic greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

The document provides a comprehensive overview of offshore wind energy as of early 2016, contrasting the advanced capacity in Europe with the nascent industry in the United States. It details the technical advantages of offshore wind over onshore wind, such as stronger and more consistent winds and proximity to coastal population centers. The text outlines U.S. government initiatives, including Department of Energy funding and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management leasing, while highlighting the United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark as global leaders. It also discusses the economic impact of the sector, specifically the 'additional employment effect' in European ports and shipyards.

The document outlines strategies for US states to ensure that the Clean Power Plan does not disproportionately burden low-income communities and communities of color. It emphasizes the need for 'high impact' engagement, the conduct of formal Environmental Justice (EJ) analyses, and the avoidance of carbon trading mechanisms that may allow power plants to avoid on-site pollution reductions. The guide also advocates for a 'Just Transition' that provides economic development and job training in communities heavily dependent on fossil fuels.

The document highlights that Europe dominates the global offshore wind market, holding over 90% of installed capacity as of 2015, led by the United Kingdom, Germany, and Denmark. In contrast, the United States is in the early stages of development, with its first commercial farm at Block Island scheduled for late 2016. Despite this gap, the U.S. possesses significant potential, estimated by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory at over 4,000 GW. The report details U.S. federal initiatives, including Department of Energy funding and Bureau of Ocean Energy Management leasing, and projects U.S. capacity to reach 22 GW by 2030. It also examines the economic benefits of offshore wind, such as higher job creation per megawatt compared to onshore wind and the 'sea breeze effect' that aligns power generation with peak demand.