Search Climate Insights Directory

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International argues that large corporations often escape accountability for human rights and environmental abuses due to the lack of binding international rules. It advocates for a new UN Human Rights Treaty to close the gap in international law, contrasting the lack of corporate accountability with the strong legal protections corporations enjoy through free trade and investment agreements.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) argues that rural poverty is inextricably linked to environmental degradation and the imposition of neoliberal economic models. It contends that the exploitation of natural resources by transnational corporations and the policies of international financial institutions (IFIs) exacerbate poverty, while community-led management of natural resources offers a sustainable path toward poverty eradication.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International advocates for a legally binding UN treaty to regulate transnational corporations (TNCs) and end corporate impunity for human rights and environmental abuses. It argues that voluntary corporate social responsibility codes are ineffective and that current international law disproportionately protects corporate profits over human rights.

This report by Friends of the Earth International (FoEI) examines the social and environmental consequences of privatizing water and biodiversity across 34 global case studies. It argues that neoliberal policies promoted by international financial institutions (IFIs) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) prioritize corporate profit over human rights and ecological sustainability, disproportionately marginalizing the poor and Indigenous Peoples.

The report 'Tiempos de Justicia Climática' by Friends of the Earth International argues that climate change is a matter of global injustice, where wealthy nations are primarily responsible for emissions while poor communities in the Global South suffer the most. It critiques 'false solutions' such as carbon credits, biofuels, and carbon capture, calling instead for drastic domestic emission reductions in industrialized countries, the abandonment of fossil fuels, and the payment of a 'climate debt' to developing nations through public funding and technology transfer.

This document provides the key terms and methodology for the Forest Declaration Assessment, focusing on indicators for forest loss, degradation, and restoration. It details the use of a linear reduction pathway to reach 'gross zero' deforestation by 2030 and outlines the data sources and cost-effectiveness thresholds used to estimate global restoration potential through 2050.

The FSD Africa Strategy 2025-2030 outlines a five-year plan to transform African financial markets to better support sustainable economic growth and climate resilience. The agency aims to mobilise domestic private capital—estimated at $2.4 trillion—to address systemic gaps in green economy investment, sovereign debt distress, and gender disparities through catalytic interventions, policy reform, and targeted investments via its arm, FSD Africa Investments (FSDAi).

The Africa Green Bond Toolkit is a practical guide developed by FSD Africa and the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) to assist African capital markets in issuing green bonds according to international standards. It outlines the structural differences between green and vanilla bonds, provides a step-by-step issuance process, and details the requirements for creating a Green Bond Framework. The guide emphasizes the role of external verification and certification to ensure transparency and attract institutional investors to climate-resilient projects across the continent.

The Africa Pensions Supervisors’ Network Programme, supported by FSD Africa (2021-2025), aims to increase pension coverage and assets in Sub-Saharan Africa, where coverage is currently only 9.6%. The initiative focuses on creating regulatory environments that encourage long-term savings and the investment of pension assets into the real sector, including collaboration with the Africa Pensions Supervisors Forum (APSF).

This report by the CIFAR Alliance Investors Working Group explores how fintech innovations—specifically in data and digital infrastructure, online marketplaces, and insurtech—can scale climate resilience solutions for vulnerable communities in emerging markets. It presents 11 case studies of ventures that address both acute weather-related disasters and chronic long-term climate changes affecting livelihoods.

The 'Kit d’Outils d’Obligations Verte Afrique' is a practical guide developed by FSD Africa and the Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) to assist African issuers in emitting green bonds. It outlines the structural similarities between green and conventional bonds, while detailing the specific requirements for the allocation of proceeds to environmental projects. The guide provides a comprehensive framework for the issuance process, including the development of a Green Bond Framework, independent verification, and post-issuance reporting, while highlighting successful case studies from South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.

The Venture Finance Portfolio document provides a detailed overview of various investment funds and venture-building platforms supported by FSD Africa and FSDAi. These entities focus on scaling climate-tech, gender-lens investing, and financial inclusion across Africa, utilizing a mix of equity, grants, and debt to catalyze private capital and drive sustainable economic growth.

This fact sheet describes the partnership between FSD Africa and the Digital Frontiers Institute (DFI) from 2016 to 2021, aimed at closing the digital finance skills gap in low-middle income countries to improve the scale and sustainability of digital payment systems.

The Value for Money (VfM) Framework is a guide developed by FSD Africa to provide a consistent, practical structure for assessing and reporting on how resources are used within the Financial Sector Deepening (FSD) network. It employs an evaluative reasoning approach based on the 'Four Es' (Economy, Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Equity) and cost-effectiveness, using predefined criteria and performance standards (rubrics) to make robust judgements from mixed-methods evidence.

Minutes from the Green Economy Coalition (GEC) Steering Group meeting on July 28, 2018, detailing the postponement of the GEC global meeting to January 2019 to align with the UN PAGE Ministerial meeting, the appointment of Kamal Gueye to the Steering Group, and GEC's support for the Dutch government's dialogue on natural capital.

This briefing by the Green Economy Coalition outlines ten priority options for governments and stakeholders to ensure that economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic is just, green, and transformative. It argues that recovery efforts should address systemic risks—including climate change, biodiversity loss, and inequality—by aligning stimulus packages with the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement.

The Green Outcomes Fund (GOF) is a pioneering climate finance instrument launched in January 2020 to incentivise investment in South Africa's green small, medium, and micro-enterprises (SMMEs). By using an outcomes-based payment model, the GOF provides grant funding to Catalytic Finance Partners (CFPs) who deploy private capital into green SMMEs, with reimbursements triggered by the creation of verified green outcomes, primarily permanent direct jobs.

This fact sheet describes the Climate Finance Accelerator (CFA) South Africa, a UK government-funded technical assistance programme led by NBI and GreenCape. The programme aims to help low-carbon project developers improve their bankability and access finance from national and international investors through coaching, networking, and visibility.

This briefing note critiques the OECD's Two-Pillar international tax framework as undemocratic and biased toward high-income nations, arguing it fails to curb tax abuse by MNEs and the super-rich. It advocates for a UN Framework Convention on International Tax and Cooperation to ensure equitable participation and revenue mobilization for developing countries. The author urges South Africa to leverage its 2025 G20 Presidency to support the UN process and establish minimum global taxation standards for High Net Worth Individuals.

This briefing analyzes the historical and systemic link between poverty and environmental degradation, arguing that sustainable development requires integrating these two goals. It highlights how extreme wealth inequality drives resource overconsumption and how the world's poorest populations are disproportionately affected by climate-related disasters, conflict, and zoonotic pandemics like COVID-19. The text advocates for shifting government metrics from GDP to national well-being indices and limiting the resource consumption of the wealthiest 10% to allow the poor to escape poverty within planetary boundaries.