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This case study by Friends of the Earth International examines the assassination of human rights defender Berta Cáceres and the role of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam project in Honduras, arguing that voluntary corporate human rights commitments are insufficient and a legally binding UN treaty is necessary to end corporate impunity.

This report by Friends of the Earth International argues that the current global trade and investment regime acts as a 'straitjacket' that prioritizes agribusiness and capitalist profitability over agroecology and food sovereignty. It details how international trade agreements and investment treaties restrict the ability of sovereign states to implement public policies that protect human rights, biodiversity, and small-scale food producers.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International critiques the environmental policies and practices of the European Investment Bank (EIB), arguing that there is a significant gap between the Bank's official rhetoric on sustainable development and its actual investment activities.

This fact sheet by Friends of the Earth International describes the European Investment Bank (EIB) as a powerful yet 'invisible' public financial institution owned by EU member states. It argues that the EIB operates with significant legal obscurity and lacks the transparency, environmental standards, and public accountability found in similar institutions like the World Bank. The document details specific criticisms from NGOs regarding the EIB's lack of environmental expertise, its failure to support the Kyoto Protocol, and its resistance to public information requests.

This fact sheet summarizes the legal summons issued on 5 April 2019 by Milieudefensie and other claimants against Shell. The claimants argue that Shell's business model violates its legal duty of care and endangers human rights by contributing to dangerous climate change, demanding that the company align its emissions reductions with the IPCC's 1.5°C pathway.

Minutes from the Green Economy Coalition (GEC) Steering Group meeting on July 28, 2018, detailing the postponement of the GEC global meeting to January 2019 to align with the UN PAGE Ministerial meeting, the appointment of Kamal Gueye to the Steering Group, and GEC's support for the Dutch government's dialogue on natural capital.

This collection of policy briefings by the Green Economy Coalition outlines a framework for a fair and sustainable green economy transition. It emphasizes the need for systemic financial reform to penalize 'brown' investments, the integration of natural capital into national accounting, and the necessity of social inclusion to ensure marginalized groups and SMEs have a stake in the new economy. Key recommendations include closing the 'missing middle' financing gap for SMEs and adopting a 'capitals approach' to measure national wealth beyond GDP.

This policy brief by the Green Economy Coalition argues for the integration of natural capital approaches into national economic strategies to achieve a green economy. It advocates for moving 'beyond GDP' to a 'capitals approach' that recognizes the interdependence of natural, financial, produced, human, and social capital to better inform decision-making and meet international climate and development goals.

This report analyzes the implications of the European Green Deal (EGD) for South African small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and broader trade. It examines the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), the Farm to Fork strategy, and the Circular Economy Action Plan, identifying significant risks in the automotive, mining, and agricultural sectors while highlighting potential export opportunities for environmental goods.

This briefing discusses the intersection of circular economy solutions and international trade policy as a means to achieve decarbonization. It argues that transitioning from primary raw materials to secondary materials, extending product lifespans, and reforming trade barriers are essential for meeting net-zero goals, as the extraction and processing of material resources account for half of global greenhouse gas emissions.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes how the definition of 'investor' in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) can be exploited through 'treaty shopping' and recommends stricter nationality criteria to protect host States from unintended international arbitration claims.

This briefing provides an overview of Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) provisions within 68 Indian International Investment Agreements (IIAs) signed between 1995 and 2010. It categorizes these provisions into three types based on their formulation and examines the extent to which India defines the normative content of FET to guide arbitral interpretation.

Demand for eco-certified fish is growing in the US and Europe, driven by young consumers and those viewing the products as status symbols. In the US, supermarket choice is influenced by eco-certification commitments, while Canada's primary European export markets include France, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Spain.

This report outlines the history and evolution of the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF), from its origins as a UN Type II partnership in 2002 to its current status as a member-led forum of over 80 countries focused on sustainable mining governance.

This policy brief by the International Institute for Sustainable Development examines agricultural cooperatives as a model for inclusive investment. It details the different types of cooperatives, their benefits for smallholder farmers, the role of foreign investment in these structures, and the necessary legal and governmental frameworks to support their success.

This white paper examines the integration of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) within sustainable public procurement (SPP), arguing that current models often fail to deliver the best value for taxpayers by overemphasizing upfront purchase prices over long-term operational and environmental costs. The authors identify systemic barriers—including conflicting capital and revenue budgets, a lack of professional expertise, and data gaps—and recommend that LCC be integrated into high-level public expenditure and resource allocation policies rather than remaining a routine procurement task.

This 1999 report analyzes the emergence of markets for global environmental services in Central America, focusing on the contrasting experiences of Costa Rica and El Salvador. It examines how these countries leverage international agreements, such as the Kyoto Protocol and biodiversity conventions, to mobilize financial resources for conservation and sustainable development through mechanisms like carbon credits and biodiversity-friendly coffee certification.

This report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) argues that sustainable public procurement (SPP) is a powerful tool for governments to rebuild economies and infrastructure following disasters and conflicts. It posits that by integrating economic, social, and environmental risks into procurement, governments can signal long-term demand for green goods, stimulate innovation in the private sector, and increase national resilience to future disasters.

This report by the Global Subsidies Initiative (GSI) provides preliminary estimates of global energy subsidies by source for 2007, detailing the assumptions and calculations used for nuclear energy, renewable energy, biofuels, fossil fuels, and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS).

The 'State of Global Environmental Governance 2024' report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the intersection of environmental governance and a global 'polycrisis' characterized by geopolitical instability, climate disasters, and financial crises. It highlights a trend toward 'greenlash' and the increasing role of international courts in enforcing environmental commitments, while noting that global governance remains largely siloed across the Rio Conventions and other multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs).