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The Government of Rwanda implemented watershed restoration in the Rugezi-Bulera-Ruhondo area to protect hydroelectric generation capacity against future climate-driven precipitation changes. To mitigate the loss of resource access for rural households caused by bans on drainage, agriculture, and pastoral activities, the government introduced agricultural and watershed management measures to ensure long-term livelihood sustainability.

The document details Rwanda's 2004 electricity crisis, which was caused by declining water levels in Lake Bulera due to watershed degradation, poor maintenance, and reduced rainfall. In response, the government implemented the Environment Policy (2003), Environment Law (2005), and Land Law (2005) to protect the Rugezi Wetlands, banning agricultural and pastoral activities within 50 meters of lake shores. These measures, combined with reforestation and erosion control, restored the Ntaruka station to full operational capacity by October 2007. The crisis also prompted Rwanda to diversify its energy portfolio into methane gas, geothermal, and peat resources to reduce vulnerability to hydrological changes and climate change.