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This research paper argues that the international trade regime, specifically through the WTO, can be leveraged to support climate change mitigation and adaptation by moving beyond unilateral measures like border carbon adjustments to include the removal of fossil fuel subsidies and the reduction of trade barriers for clean energy technologies.

This research paper by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the ongoing WTO negotiations on environmental goods. It argues that current lists of goods for liberalization are dominated by developed countries and proposes including environmentally preferable products (EPPs) and implementing Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) to ensure a balanced distribution of trade gains for developing nations.