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The document provides guidance for national institutions in developing countries on navigating the direct access modalities of the Adaptation Fund and the Green Climate Fund (GCF). It outlines the importance of strategic planning, the resource-intensive nature of the accreditation process, and best practices for project design and implementation to ensure national ownership and reduced transaction costs.

The document outlines how estimating the costs of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) allows governments to identify financing gaps and select appropriate financial instruments. It details various costing methodologies—including econometric, macroeconomic, and integrated assessment models—and highlights the challenges of data gaps and uncertainty. Case studies from Colombia, South Africa, and Indonesia illustrate the application of these tools in national planning.

The document highlights the necessity for Indonesia to establish a long-term strategy (LTS) for climate action, as the country currently lacks a decarbonization plan beyond its 2030 commitments. It argues that an LTS would protect the economy from long-term costs, provide investment certainty, and optimize land-use and energy systems. The paper suggests that the Low-Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) led by BAPPENAS could serve as a foundation for this strategy. Key priorities identified include avoiding stranded assets in the energy sector and enhancing the protection of pristine forests and peatlands to mitigate future economic losses from fires.

The paper presents the City Climate Policy Assessment Framework, which evaluates city-level climate policies across seven sectors: community-wide initiatives, building policy, transportation policy, energy and water utilities, waste management, local government operations, and green finance. Based on an analysis of 12 cities in China and abroad, the study finds that while cities often excel in government operations and utilities, gaps persist in transportation, building policies, and community initiatives. It highlights that many cities set goals more ambitious than national standards and recommends improving data transparency and strengthening financial instruments like tax incentives and climate investment funds to address funding gaps.

The document examines the purpose, elements, and implementation of long-term climate strategies, emphasizing the need to align near-term actions (NDCs) with mid-century goals. It covers the role of modeling, the integration of adaptation and sustainable development, the necessity of climate-aligned finance, and the importance of a 'just transition' for workers in carbon-intensive industries.

The report argues that large-scale landscape restoration in Latin America and the Caribbean is economically attractive, estimating a net present value of $23 billion over 50 years for the restoration of 20 million hectares. The analysis identifies agricultural productivity gains and carbon sequestration as the primary drivers of economic value, though results vary significantly by biome and degree of degradation. The study emphasizes that such efforts are critical for the region to achieve a low-carbon development path and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change.