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The report identifies a small number of German industrial sectors—specifically basic iron and steel, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, aluminium and aluminium products, paper and paperboard, and other basic inorganic chemicals—that face both high carbon-related costs and high international trade intensity. It argues that these sectors are most susceptible to competitiveness distortions and carbon leakage. The analysis distinguishes between direct costs (emissions from production) and indirect costs (increased electricity prices), noting that for some sectors, indirect costs are the primary burden. The document also evaluates various policy mechanisms to mitigate these effects, such as free allocation of allowances, border tax adjustments, and sectoral agreements.

The 1995 power purchasing agreement between Tanesco and IPTL in Tanzania is cited as a failed public-private partnership due to alleged corruption, lack of feasibility studies, and the procurement of unnecessary diesel-generated power at inflated costs.

The report evaluates alternative financing for California's high-voltage transmission expansion needed for its 2045 clean energy goals. It finds that a Public-Private Partnership (PPP)-Lease model could save ratepayers up to $3 billion annually, or $123 billion over 40 years, by utilizing low-cost public debt and competitive procurement.

The document argues that adding 1.5 GW of new coal power to South Africa's electricity system is unnecessary for reliability and would increase costs, emissions, and GDP loss while reducing employment compared to a least-cost plan focusing on renewable alternatives.

The report finds that while electrification will increase electricity use, total energy spending for Canadian households is expected to decline. However, the costs of expanding electricity infrastructure may fall regressively, disproportionately impacting lower-income households. The authors analyze rate-design changes and government funding mechanisms as tools to improve equity, concluding that means-tested fixed charges and progressive tax-based funding can insulate vulnerable populations from rising costs.

Indiana can achieve significant environmental and economic gains by adopting energy efficiency policies. By 2030, a combination of 1% annual energy savings, national model building codes, and 100 MWs of new combined heat and power could avoid over 15 million tons of CO2 and save residents nearly $3 billion.

The document outlines the environmental and economic benefits of energy efficiency in Minnesota, asserting that such measures can help the state comply with the EPA's Clean Power Plan and save residents money.

The document outlines the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in Montana, specifically highlighting how targeted policies could save $84 million and avoid 1.4 million tons of CO2 by 2030.

The fact sheet outlines the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in New Mexico, stating that specific policies could save residents $645 million and avoid 3.8 million tons of CO2 by 2030.

The document outlines the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in Nevada, stating that achieving annual energy savings of 1% could avoid 2.6 million tons of CO2 and save residents $466 million by 2030.

The fact sheet outlines the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency policies in Pennsylvania, asserting that such measures can help the state meet a significant portion of its carbon reduction goals under the EPA's Clean Power Plan while saving residents billions of dollars by 2030.

The document outlines the economic and environmental benefits of energy efficiency in Wyoming, specifically highlighting how an annual energy savings target of 1.5%, national model building codes, and 40 MWs of new combined heat and power could avoid 2.6 million tons of CO2 and save residents over $2 billion by 2030.

Analysis shows that the weighted average cost of coal power in the U.S. rose from $36/MWh in 2021 to $46/MWh in 2024, a 28 percent increase that outpaced inflation. This rise is attributed to higher fuel, operations, and maintenance costs, as well as declining capacity factors. Despite these economics, some U.S. federal policies and state regulators have extended the lives of expensive plants, such as Plant Bowen in Georgia and the Hunter and Huntington plants in Utah, potentially increasing the financial burden on electricity consumers.

The U.S. Senate's "One Big Beautiful Bill Act" is projected to reduce new electricity capacity by 340 GW by 2035, primarily affecting wind and solar. This reduction, combined with higher gas prices, is expected to increase wholesale electricity prices by 74% by 2035 and raise residential electricity rates by 10 to 18%. Consequently, the bill is forecast to cause annual GDP losses of $130 billion by 2030 and peak job losses of 900,000 in 2032.

The Senate Budget Committee's version of the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” is projected to significantly reduce U.S. electricity generation capacity by 2035, primarily through the repeal of clean energy tax credits and the introduction of a new excise tax on wind and solar facilities. These policies are forecast to increase wholesale electricity prices by 61 percent by 2035 and raise residential, commercial, and industrial electricity rates by 9 to 16 percent. The resulting decline in energy resource deployment and advanced manufacturing is expected to cost the U.S. $960 billion in GDP over the budget window and lead to job losses peaking at 900,000 in 2032.

The document assesses the potential for Western Cape businesses to leverage time-of-use (TOU) tariffs through BESS arbitrage, comparing the repurposing of existing systems against new installations. It finds that while upgrading existing BESS offers high internal rates of return (IRR), new installations are more sensitive to tariff escalation rates and investment horizons, with a 15-year outlook generally improving financial performance.

The document details the baseline and new system efficiencies for air source heat pumps (ASHP) and heat pump water heaters (HPWH), the use of NREL ResStock for hourly energy load profiles, and the specific utility rates for electricity, natural gas, and propane applied across California's climate zones.

The briefing examines the relationship between electricity efficiency and utility rates, arguing that 'fixed' costs are not static but decline through depreciation. It posits that as long as the rate of electricity saving does not exceed the combined rate of depreciation and demand growth, both rates and bills can decrease. The author contends that focusing on rates rather than total bills is economically inefficient, as efficiency measures reduce the need for costly new plant construction and allow utilities to retire expensive marginal plants first.

The document provides the technical basis for estimating EV charging emissions and costs in the US. It explains the use of average emissions intensity based on EPA eGRID data, adjusted for transmission losses and upstream feedstock emissions. It also describes a modified Oak Ridge Competitive Electricity Dispatch (ORCED) model used for hourly emissions estimates. Additionally, it outlines the process for calculating residential charging costs across 50 US cities, accounting for tiered rates, time-of-use (TOU) plans, and specific utility data.

The document examines the emergence of green tariffs as a tool for traditional U.S. utilities to compete with third-party renewable energy providers. It argues that utilities can leverage their existing infrastructure and capabilities to offer cost-effective, flexible renewable energy options while avoiding cost shifts to other customers.