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Friends of the Earth International (ATI) rejects the concept of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), arguing that the term is overly broad and serves as a cover for carbon neocolonialism, market mechanisms, and corporate greenwashing.

This briefing from Friends of the Earth International identifies 'false climate solutions' promoted by high-emissions industries at COP27 in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, and proposes alternatives focused on just transitions and corporate accountability.

This report by Friends of the Earth International, authored by Professor Doreen Stabinsky, examines how the fossil fuel sector attempts to expand the voluntary carbon market to sustain a fossil fuel-based economy.

A guide by Friends of the Earth International designed to help communities understand and resist carbon markets, which the organization characterizes as a false climate solution that threatens community rights and ecosystems.

This report by Friends of the Earth International critiques the use of "net zero" pledges and carbon offsetting by corporations and governments, arguing that these mechanisms are used to obscure climate inaction and avoid the necessary phase-out of fossil fuels.

This report by Friends of the Earth International critiques 'net zero' packages, specifically 'nature-based solutions' and carbon offsets, arguing that they threaten food sovereignty, agroecology, and the land rights of indigenous and rural communities.

This report by Friends of the Earth International analyzes the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP), a pilot REDD+ project funded by the Australian government in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The document argues that the project is an ineffective and unjust approach to climate mitigation that prioritizes low-cost carbon credits over the land rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

The FSD Africa Sustainable Procurement Guidelines provide a framework for integrating social, environmental, ethical, and economic considerations into the procurement of goods, services, and consultancies. The guide aims to move beyond the lowest price to determine the Most Economically Advantageous Tender (MEAT) by prioritizing local African suppliers, diverse businesses, and eco-friendly practices.

This report examines the opportunities and challenges for the Canadian agricultural sector within evolving national and international climate change regimes. It analyzes the sector's mitigation potential, the role of bioenergy, the development of agricultural carbon offsets, and the impact of climate policies on international competitiveness and trade.

This policy brief describes the results of a Rapid Trade and Environment Assessment (RTEA) conducted in Namibia from January to June 2009. The assessment aimed to identify 'green' opportunities and threats within international trade law and technical standards to support Namibia's Vision 2030 and National Development Plan (NDP3). It emphasizes that Namibia should avoid the bulk export models of Western nations or South Africa, instead focusing on high-value niche sectors based on its comparative advantages in biodiversity, landscapes, and rangelands.

A statement submitted on 13 December 2024 by a coalition of civil society organizations, including Natural Justice and SAFCEI, providing critical comments on South Africa's Draft Article 6 Framework. The coalition argues that carbon markets are fundamentally flawed and risk enabling human rights abuses, land grabs, and the evasion of actual emission reductions.

This research paper examines the role of nature-based solutions (NBS) as offsets within corporate climate mitigation strategies, highlighting the balance between the urgent need for NBS financing and the risks regarding environmental and social integrity.

This report introduces a dynamic land-use model methodology developed in 1988 to quantitatively test and compare the carbon-offset and sequestration potentials of various sustainable forestry and land-use projects in developing countries.

This policy brief by the World Resources Institute discusses the design of carbon offset programs within a cap-and-trade system, specifically focusing on the challenges of quantifying and verifying reductions from uncapped sectors to ensure the integrity of greenhouse gas (GHG) caps.