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This report by the Climate Policy Initiative/Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (CPI/PUC-RIO) analyzes financial flows for the bioeconomy in Brazil between 2021 and 2023. It finds that while total finance averaged US$ 3.213 billion per year, the vast majority is concentrated in the planted forest and bioenergy sectors, leaving biodiversity-based products and native forests significantly underfunded.

This report by Climate Policy Initiative and E3G analyzes the financial interactions and Paris Agreement alignment of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and National Development Banks (NDBs) in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs). It identifies a lack of comprehensive documentation on climate finance flows between these institutions and highlights significant divergence in how MDBs and NDBs mainstream climate considerations into their operations. The report provides recommendations to optimize operating models, clarify institutional mandates, and share technical expertise to scale up climate-related on-lending.

This executive summary from Climate Policy Initiative and E3G examines the cooperation between multilateral development banks (MDBs) and national development banks (NDBs) regarding climate finance in emerging and developing economies. The report identifies limited existing cooperation and a divergence in how these institutions align their operations with the Paris Agreement. It provides recommendations to improve the volume and effectiveness of on-lending through better governance, clarified mandates, and shared institutional capacity.

This report by Global Energy Monitor and partners analyzes the global state of coal-fired power plants as of April 2022. It highlights a stark divergence between the decline of coal in most OECD and non-OECD countries—accelerated by COP26 commitments—and a continued expansion of coal capacity in China. The document examines the impact of international funding withdrawals, the perceived failure of 'clean coal' technologies, and specific national trajectories in major emitters like India, Indonesia, and the United States.

This March 2019 report by Global Energy Monitor, Sierra Club, and Greenpeace analyzes global trends in coal-fired power plants, noting a three-year decline in key growth indicators. While new construction and permits have dropped significantly, particularly in China and India, the report highlights a resurgence of construction in China and the continued role of Chinese, Japanese, and South Korean financial institutions in funding overseas coal projects. It emphasizes that current operational capacities exceed IPCC limits for restricting global warming to 1.5°C or 2°C.

This research paper by the Stockholm Environment Institute analyses concessional international public climate finance flows to seven Indian Ocean and African Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2010 and 2015. Using OECD data, the study examines commitments, disbursements, and sectoral distribution, finding that finance is heavily concentrated in a few countries and sectors, with significant gaps in disbursement and alignment with national priorities.

This report by the Climate Policy Initiative and the Global Center on Adaptation analyzes international public climate adaptation finance for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) between 2021 and 2022. It identifies a significant funding gap, noting that current annual flows of approximately $2 billion are far below the estimated annual need of $11.7 billion. The report highlights that a large portion of this finance is provided as debt, posing macroeconomic risks, and calls for a shift from GNI-based ODA eligibility to a multidimensional vulnerability index to improve financial access.