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This guide provides a comprehensive framework for developing countries to understand and adapt to the OECD/G20 Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) rules. It explains the mechanics of the 15% global minimum tax, evaluates policy options for national responses—such as implementing Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-up Taxes (QDMT)—and analyzes the impact on existing tax incentives. The document also addresses legal obstacles, specifically fiscal stabilization clauses in investment contracts and Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs), offering strategies to mitigate litigation risks while mobilizing domestic revenue.

This guide provides a comprehensive framework for developing countries to understand and adapt to the OECD/G20 Pillar Two Global Anti-Base Erosion (GloBE) rules. It explains the mechanisms of the 15% global minimum tax, evaluates national policy options for capturing top-up taxes, and analyzes legal obstacles such as fiscal stabilization clauses and bilateral investment treaties.

This research paper by the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) analyzes the potential implications for South Africa if the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Agenda (DDA) were to reach a conclusion. It examines the political economy of the negotiations, focusing on the 'market access agenda' across three core areas: agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), and services. The authors argue that because the 'exchange rate' between NAMA and agriculture favors developed nations, South Africa's best strategy for a successful outcome would be to preserve its NAMA carve-out and seek greater agricultural liberalisation from developed countries, while offering more concessions in the services sector, specifically in telecommunications, transport, and energy.

This report documents a workshop held on August 31, 2010, regarding the impact of global financial reforms—specifically the G20's push for Basel III—on trade in financial services within the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). The discussions highlight the dominance of South Africa as a net exporter of financial services in the region and the potential for new regulatory barriers to emerge as South Africa implements global standards, which may reduce funding for riskier African prospects and infrastructure projects.

This 2008 report by the South African Institute of International Affairs examines the economic impact of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) on the North-South Corridor between South Africa and Zimbabwe, specifically focusing on the Beit Bridge border crossing and Durban port. The study identifies administrative and trade policy barriers—most notably Zimbabwean foreign exchange controls and regional transport inefficiencies—as significant costs to businesses across various sectors including mining, fuel, and agriculture.

This executive summary by the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (CAITEC) examines the role of WTO 'Green Box' support measures in China's agricultural transition following its 2001 accession to the WTO. It analyzes how China can utilize non-trade-distorting support to achieve sustainable development and structural adjustment while arguing that current WTO rules are biased toward developed nations.

This briefing note provides an economic assessment of climate change impacts on Uganda's infrastructure, estimating the costs required to improve resilience and the potential financial damages from extreme weather events through 2050.

This document is an affidavit submitted by Ian Roy Sampson of Shepstone and Wylie Attorneys on behalf of Mineral Sands Resources (Pty) Ltd and Tormin Mineral Sands (Pty) Ltd. The affidavit opposes an application by the Centre for Environmental Rights (CER) to suspend a decision made under Section 102(1) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act (MPRDA) that granted a mine extension to the Tormin Mine.

This research paper by Dr. S Narayan analyzes the evolution of India's trade reforms from independence in 1947 through 2007. It details the transition from a socialist, import-substitution model characterized by tight state controls to a liberalized, pro-market economy triggered by the 1991 balance of payments crisis. The document examines specific reforms in tariffs, export controls, exchange rates, and the services sector, while evaluating the resulting impact on GDP growth, total factor productivity, and the direction of international trade.