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This report by Ember argues that Australia significantly under-reports methane emissions from its coal mines due to outdated estimation methods and a lack of direct measurement. Using a new Coal Mine Methane Reporting Data Tracker, Ember finds that independent estimates suggest actual emissions could be up to double the figures reported to the government, undermining Australia's net zero 2050 commitment and its obligations under the Global Methane Pledge.

This report by Ember analyzes the underreporting of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions, finding that global emissions may be up to twice as high as government figures reported to the UNFCCC. It highlights systemic failures in monitoring, noting that 97% of reported emissions rely on general emission factors rather than direct measurement, and recommends mandatory direct monitoring, satellite verification, and international support for low-income countries to mitigate this potent greenhouse gas.

This briefing by the Stockholm Environment Institute describes a study using OECD data to assess the scale and effectiveness of international development finance for nature-based solutions (NbS) in developing countries, specifically focusing on least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS).

This briefing by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) examines the challenges of tracking global adaptation finance and proposes a new framework and technical methodologies to better capture these flows, particularly within the private and domestic public sectors.

This country diagnostic report by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) analyzes the nexus of food systems, climate change, and diets in Malawi. It examines current trends in poverty, undernourishment, and greenhouse gas emissions, while providing projections to 2030 using the Ceres2030 model. The report highlights the high vulnerability of Malawi's rain-fed agricultural sector to climate shocks and the lack of a formal national definition for a 'healthy diet'.