{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["data assessment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'data assessment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":7,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=data+assessment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-000369","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000369","title":"Europe’s sustainable public procurement data","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2026-05-05","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/articles/deep-dive/europes-sustainable-public-procurement-data","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research finds that while the EU's new Public Procurement Data Space (PPDS) tracks the intent of green procurement, it currently lacks the granular data needed to measure actual environmental outcomes. A pilot study using spend-based estimation on German data shows that applying green criteria to all procurement in the construction and vehicle sectors could yield carbon savings significantly higher than those currently achieved by green-tagged contracts. The authors argue that targeted improvements to data consistency and item-level reporting would allow the PPDS to move from tracking 'boxes ticked' to measuring real-world impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current monitoring of green public procurement (GPP) in the EU, including via the Public Procurement Data Space (PPDS), focuses on institutionalization and procurement activity (outputs) rather than actual environmental outcomes such as tonnes of CO₂ avoided.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A pilot analysis of German contract award data using spend-based estimation indicates that green-tagged construction procurement saved over 42 million kg of CO₂e, but expanding green criteria to all sampled procurement could save approximately 898 million kg CO₂e—more than 21 times the current savings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the motor vehicles sector, the potential carbon savings from applying green criteria to the entire sample would be more than five times larger than the savings currently delivered by existing green-tagged contracts, assuming only battery electric vehicles are purchased under GPP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis revealed significant data gaps in the PPDS and Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) ecosystems, specifically a lack of structured data on quantities and units, which forced the use of less precise spend-based estimation and required aggressive filtering of the dataset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors propose a phased roadmap to enable EU-wide impact monitoring: starting with short-term extension to priority sectors (e.g., computers and energy efficiency), medium-term introduction of 'beta' dashboards, and long-term integration of environmental impact indicators as core PPDS outputs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000369#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable procurement","carbon dioxide emissions","low-carbon economy","electric vehicle","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["pilot study","policy analysis","data assessment"]},{"id":"ember-000314","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000314","title":"Not Measured, Not Managed: Australia remains ignorant of its coal mine methane problem","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-29","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/FInalEmber_Commentary_Not-Measured-Not-Managed.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Ember's Coal Mine Methane Reporting Data Tracker indicates that Australian coal mines may emit up to double the methane levels reported to the government. The report highlights a significant gap between official UNFCCC figures and independent estimates from the IEA, Global Energy Monitor, and satellite studies, suggesting an annual under-reporting of 680,000 to 1.1 million tonnes of methane. This discrepancy is attributed to the continued use of outdated estimation methods and generic factors under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth). Despite joining the Global Methane Pledge in 2022, Australia lacks a national Methane Action Plan or sectoral targets for energy methane emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Independent data suggests Australian coal mines could be emitting up to twice the amount of methane reported to the government, with a deviation of over 50% between UNFCCC reports and three assessed independent studies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Australia's official 2021 report of 920 thousand tonnes of methane from coal mines is contradicted by three independent sources: the IEA estimated 1.67 million tonnes in 2022 (an 82% under-report), a satellite study by Shen et al found around 1.6 million tonnes from 2018-2020, and Global Energy Monitor estimated up to 2.05 million tonnes in 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The under-reporting of 680,000 to 1.1 million tonnes of methane annually could increase Australia's total reported methane emissions by up to 20%, representing a 20-year CO2 equivalent of an additional 56-91 million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Australia's reporting is deemed of only 'medium confidence' (scoring four out of six in Ember's tracker) because approximately 80% of coal production can use generic factors for reporting under the National Greenhouse and Energy Reporting Act 2007 (Cth) instead of direct measurement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite committing to the Global Methane Pledge in 2022, Australia has not established a national Methane Action Plan or sectoral targets to reduce energy methane emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000314#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane emissions","greenhouse gas inventory"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["data assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"ember-000333","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000333","title":"In The Dark: underreporting of coal mine methane is a major climate risk","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11-28","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2023/11/In-The-Dark_-underreporting-of-coal-mine-methane-is-a-major-climate-risk.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that global coal mine methane (CMM) emissions may be up to twice as high as government figures reported to the UNFCCC. It highlights a systemic failure in measurement, noting that 97% of reported emissions rely on generic emission factors rather than direct measurement. The analysis identifies 22 countries that may be underreporting emissions by more than 100%, with severe discrepancies noted in South Africa, Indonesia, and Germany. Ember recommends mandatory direct measurement for all mines, the use of satellite verification, and international financial support for low-income countries to implement these standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Global coal mine methane (CMM) emissions are likely significantly higher than official government data. While countries reported 30.5 million tonnes of methane annually to the UNFCCC, independent studies suggest actual emissions range between 38 and 67 million tonnes per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The climate impact of CMM is substantial; at the highest independent estimates, the 20-year warming impact is equivalent to the total annual CO2 emissions of the United States. At the lowest estimates, it is comparable to the total CO2 emissions of India.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government reporting methods are largely inadequate, with 97% of reported CMM emissions based on standard emission factors (Tier 1 and 2 methods) rather than direct measurements of the methane actually emitted by mines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant underreporting occurs in numerous countries, with 22 countries potentially emitting more than double their official reports. South Africa is estimated to emit 7 to 14 times more than reported, Indonesia 5 to 30 times more, and Germany 9 to 53 times more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Australia, while underground mines are measured, open cut mines—which make up nearly 75% of the industry—rely on outdated emission factors. Satellite data has identified 'mega-emitting' mines, such as Glencore's Hail Creek in Queensland, with methane intensities 30 times higher than state-based factors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To align with a 1.5C pathway, the IEA indicates that fossil fuel methane must be reduced by 75% by 2030. Ember suggests that 53% of global CMM emissions could be avoided using existing technologies, with 13% of that reduction possible at no net cost.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000333#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane emissions","greenhouse gas monitoring","climate finance","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","global warming potential"],"geography_discussed":["India","United States","South Africa","Indonesia","Germany","Australia","Queensland","Ukraine","Poland","People's Republic of China","Canada","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","data assessment"]},{"id":"clipolin-000919","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-000919","title":"Tracking Adaptation Finance: Advancing Methods to Capture Finance Flows in the Landscape","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2019-12","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Tracking-Adaptation-Finance-Brief.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The briefing identifies significant challenges in tracking adaptation finance, such as context dependency and lack of standardized reporting. It proposes a three-category framework to distinguish between asset-focused, system-focused, and sectoral benchmark investments. To capture missing data, the authors suggest four technical approaches: keyword searches, sales data analysis, policy matching, and geographic matching. Initial assessments of Climate Bonds Initiative and CDP data show potential for capturing private finance, while the document recommends integrating adaptation into national planning and collaborating with data providers to enhance transparency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Adaptation finance is significantly harder to track than mitigation finance because its outcomes are context-dependent, relying on specific regional or local vulnerabilities rather than universal greenhouse gas reduction metrics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) currently faces data gaps where the Global Landscape of Climate Finance does not track any private sector adaptation finance and has limited tracking of public domestic adaptation finance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors propose a three-tier categorization framework to align adaptation tracking: Category 1 focuses on direct investment in adaptation outcomes (asset-focused), Category 2 covers assets that benefit from primary investments (system-focused), and Category 3 uses total sectoral investment as a benchmark.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Four technical methods can be used to create shortlists of potential adaptation projects for manual review: keyword searches, sales data analysis, policy matching (against National Adaptation Plan priorities), and geographic matching (against climate risk data).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An initial assessment of IJGlobal data from 2008 to 2018 identified USD 12.7 billion in financing flows that align with Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) data shows USD 2.6 billion in bonds allocating proceeds to adaptation and resilience, with USD 1 billion going to land use and agriculture, USD 380 million to wastewater, and USD 240 million to infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2018, 139 companies with an \"A\" rating from CDP reported USD 13.9 billion in costs associated with managing physical climate-related risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000919#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["adaptation finace","private investment","climate resilience","Nationally Determined Contributions","national adaptation plan","climate bond","maladaptation"],"geography_discussed":["India","Mexico","France","United States","San Francisco"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological proposal","data assessment"]},{"id":"rmi-000654","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/rmi-000654","title":"2008 Micropower Database: How Distributed Renewables and Cogeneration are Beating Nuclear Power Stations — Supporting Data, Methodology, and Graphs","publisher":{"name":"RMI","organization":"rmi"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2008-05-17","source_url":"https://rmi.org/resources/2008-micropower-database-how-distributed-renewables-and-cogeneration-are-beating-nuclear-power-stations-supporting-data-methodology-and-graphs/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2008 Micropower Database assesses global capacity and electrical output for micropower—defined as all renewables excluding large hydro, plus cogeneration—using bottom-up equipment counts from suppliers and operators cross-checked with governmental agencies. It provides historical data from 1990 to 2005 or 2006 and forecasts through 2010, covering annual capacity additions, output, cumulative capacity, and capacity factors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000654#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The micropower database utilizes a bottom-up methodology based on transaction-by-transaction equipment counts from operators and suppliers, which are then verified against data from intergovernmental and governmental technical agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000654#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The database tracks global annual capacity additions, output, cumulative capacity, and capacity factors for micropower (all renewables except large hydro and cogeneration), with historical data spanning 1990 to 2005 or 2006 and projections extending to 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"rmi-000654#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["microgrid","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["data assessment"]},{"id":"issafri-001432","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-001432","title":"Migration in southern Africa","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2007-12","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/Paper157.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes international migration patterns within the Southern African Development Community (SADC), highlighting the roles of South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia as primary destinations. It identifies significant gaps in migration data collection and the prevalence of xenophobia as barriers to regional integration. The author discusses the evolution of the SADC Draft Protocol on Facilitation of Movement of Persons, noting that while it has reached the signing stage, its success depends on the harmonisation of national laws and the adoption of standardised data collection methods, such as both de facto and de jure census enumeration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia are the primary destination countries for migrants in the sub-region, which has contributed to rising xenophobia among their citizens and hindered the adoption of the SADC Draft Protocol on Facilitation of Movement of Persons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are severe shortcomings in migration data collection across SADC member states; administrative records are rarely analysed, and many entry forms are outdated colonial legacies. Botswana is the only country using both de facto and de jure enumeration to track citizens both inside and outside the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The SADC Draft Protocol on Facilitation of Movement of Persons evolved from a 1995 version emphasizing 'rights' to a 2005 version focusing on 'facilitation' and 'progressive minimisation' of controls, following resistance from South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sub-region experiences a 'brain drain' of professional nationals, particularly from Zimbabwe and South Africa, while Botswana has benefited from the immigration of skilled workers such as doctors, nurses, and teachers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Forced migration in the SADC region is significant, with the DRC and Zambia hosting large numbers of refugees; however, data on internally displaced persons (IDPs) is often excluded because governments are frequently the perpetrators of such displacement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001432#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","Botswana","Namibia","Zimbabwe","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Zambia","Mozambique","Lesotho","Eswatini","Malawi","Tanzania","Angola","Mauritius","Seychelles"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","typology","data assessment"]},{"id":"cliinstca-000443","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliinstca-000443","title":"MEASURING PROGRESS TOWARDS CLEAN GROWTH","publisher":{"name":"Canadian Climate Institute","organization":"canadian-climate-institute"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://climatechoices.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/MEASURING-PROGRESS-TOWARDS-CLEAN-GROWTH_Summary.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Canadian Climate Institute introduces a framework to track clean growth through 11 indicators categorized into goals, catalysts, and foundations. While all provinces decoupled GDP from GHG emissions between 2005 and 2018, the report identifies significant data gaps and uneven progress in technology adoption and regional employment risks. It recommends integrated government accountabilities and improved data connectivity to support a low-carbon transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2005 and 2018, all Canadian provinces successfully decoupled economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions, with six provinces achieving a decrease in emissions while their economies grew.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Canada faces a significant challenge in technology adoption compared to other G7 nations; despite having a high proportion of low-carbon energy (25%) due to nuclear and hydroelectric power, its energy use per unit of GDP is significantly higher than its G7 peers, and only 10% of Canadian firms had adopted clean technologies as of a 2017 survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Employment risks during the transition to a low-carbon economy are distributed unevenly across Canada; employment in Quebec is the least tied to GHG emissions, while Saskatchewan is the most tied. Most provinces have decoupled employment and emissions since 2005, except for Newfoundland and Labrador, where growth in both has been nearly identical.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change disproportionately threatens Indigenous communities in Canada, with nearly 22% of residential properties on Indigenous reserve lands at risk of a 100-year flood.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air pollution in Canada causes over 14,000 premature deaths annually. In Vancouver, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions exceeded national air quality standards in 2017–18, highlighting a link between transportation emissions and public health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are critical data gaps hindering the measurement of clean growth, particularly regarding the costs of extreme weather events, ecosystem trends, and GHG data for Canada's territories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliinstca-000443#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","energy access","air pollution","nature-based solutions","carbon sink","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["Quebec","Saskatchewan","Newfoundland and Labrador","Vancouver","Toronto","Montreal","British Columbia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["framework proposal","data assessment"]}]}