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The report finds that East Africa remains fragile due to violent extremism, insurgency, and resource-based conflicts, despite governance progress in some states. It highlights the prevalence of unregistered firearms, particularly in Somalia, and the role of anocracies in driving political instability. The document maps the overlapping mandates of regional organisations like the EAC and IGAD and recommends stronger inter-REC coordination and standardised regional monitoring to address information gaps.

The report establishes that gender equality is both a co-benefit of and a tool for effective climate policy. Through an analysis of the Colombian coal sector, it finds that current climate and energy policies are largely gender-blind or rely on stereotypes, while gender policies often ignore the climate crisis. Field research reveals that while women—particularly Indigenous and Afro-Colombian women—are active grassroots leaders in defending their territories, they are structurally excluded from formal decision-making. The authors propose a GRCP that incorporates intersectionality, local expertise, and a 'just transition' framework to ensure that the phase-out of coal does not reproduce existing social inequalities.

The report argues that international public climate finance must shift from a project-finance focus to a financial system development focus to effectively support Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). It identifies key barriers in developing countries, such as short-termism in banking and volatile capital flows, and suggests that public actors should scale up blended finance and de-risking instruments. The authors introduce a 'Climate Finance Systems Framework' to map the interactions between public providers, private investors, systemic enablers (like regulators), and service providers, aiming to identify leverage points for scaling finance flows.