Peace and Security Council Protocol No. 26

The report assesses critical security and political risks across several African nations. In Libya, it highlights the challenges of the National Transitional Council (NTC) in establishing law and order and an inclusive government post-Gaddafi. In Egypt, it examines the volatile transition under the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCOAF) and the rising influence of Islamist groups. In Guinea, it analyzes the fragility of democracy following an attempted coup in July 2011. In Malawi, it details the economic and political crisis resulting from the suspension of UK budget support and violent protests. Finally, it reviews the AU's response to the severe drought and famine in the Horn of Africa, specifically Somalia, under the principle of non-indifference.

• The National Transitional Council (NTC) in Libya faces significant internal threats from divisions along "tribal, regional, generational, and historical divisions" and risks transforming the revolution into "anarchy" because the different factions are armed.
• Post-Gaddafi Libya suffers from a lack of institutionalized government structures, as the previous regime's 'Third Universal Theory' limited authority to 'peoples committees' and the country had "no constitution".
• In Egypt, the transition to democracy is hindered by the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCOAF), which is perceived as wanting to preserve its "historical, social and economic privileges", including a shadow economy estimated at "around one-third of the national economy".
• The political landscape in Egypt is increasingly polarized between secularists and Islamists, with the Muslim Brotherhood demonstrating "unprecedented strength" in voter mobilization and constitutional changes.
• Guinea's democratic transition is fragile, evidenced by an attempted coup on 18 July 2011 where gunmen attacked the presidential palace in Conakry with rockets to overthrow President Alpha Condé.
• Guinea remains deeply divided along ethnic lines, which contributed to post-electoral violence following the 2010 presidential elections due to "perceived electoral fraud and irregularities".
• Malawi experienced violent riots in mid-July 2011, resulting in 19 deaths, triggered by fuel shortages, price hikes, and the "repression of civil liberties".
• Malawi's economic stability was severely compromised after the UK suspended budget support following a leaked cable describing President Bingu wa Mutharika as "autocratic and intolerant of criticism".
• The Horn of Africa is experiencing one of its worst droughts in over 60 years, with famine declared in five regions of southern Somalia and approximately 3.7 million Somalis in "desperate need of emergency humanitarian assistance".
• The African Union's pledging conference for Somalia on 25 August 2011 raised approximately USD 346 million, but the majority (USD 300 million) was provided by the African Development Bank, while African states contributed only USD 46 million.

APA

Kent-Brown, D., Dersso, S. A., Lulie, H., & Aynete, A. (2011). Peace and Security Council Protocol No. 26. Institute for Security Studies. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC26_Sept2011.pdf

Chicago

Kent-Brown, Duke, Solomon Ayele Dersso, Hallelujah Lulie, and Abebe Aynete. Peace and Security Council Protocol No. 26. Institute for Security Studies, 2011. https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC26_Sept2011.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |last1=Kent-Brown |first1=Duke |last2=Dersso |first2=Solomon Ayele |last3=Lulie |first3=Hallelujah |last4=Aynete |first4=Abebe |title=Peace and Security Council Protocol No. 26 |publisher=Institute for Security Studies |date=September 2011 |url=https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC26_Sept2011.pdf |access-date=23 October 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{kentbrown2011peace, author = {Kent-Brown, Duke and Dersso, Solomon Ayele and Lulie, Hallelujah and Aynete, Abebe}, title = {{Peace and Security Council Protocol No. 26}}, institution = {Institute for Security Studies}, year = {2011}, month = sep, url = {https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PSC26_Sept2011.pdf}, urldate = {2026-10-23}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }