Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Energy Sector

The document outlines Pakistan's energy sector challenges, projecting a 97% increase in grid electricity GHG emissions between 2012 and 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario. It identifies eight priority mitigation measures—including large-scale hydel, wind, solar, biomass, and the reduction of transmission and distribution (T&D) losses—which collectively could reduce 2030 emissions by 41.01% relative to the baseline.

• Grid electricity GHG emissions in Pakistan are projected to rise by 97% between 2012 and 2030, increasing from 51.58 MtCO2 in 2012 to 101.67 MtCO2 by 2030.
• Eight priority mitigation options have been identified for the energy supply sector, which together could achieve a total GHG emission reduction of 34.72 MtCO2e in 2030, representing a 41.01% reduction from the business-as-usual (BAU) scenario.
• Large-scale hydel is the most impactful mitigation measure in terms of 2030 emission reductions, contributing a reduction of 10.62 MtCO2e (12.54% of the sector BAU). This includes projects like the Dasu Dam (4,320 MW) and Terbela 4th Extension (1,410 MW).
• Reducing power transmission and distribution (T&D) losses is a key priority, with the NTDC aiming to reduce losses from 19% in 2012 to 10% by 2030, which would reduce emissions by 72.01 MtCO2 between 2012 and 2030.
• Other significant mitigation potentials include wind power plants (6.54 MtCO2e reduction in 2030), distributed solar (2.92 MtCO2e), centralized solar (2.38 MtCO2e), and mini/micro hydro (2.44 MtCO2e).

APA

Climate and Development Knowledge Network (n.d.). Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Energy Sector. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Energy-sector-.pdf

Chicago

Climate and Development Knowledge Network. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Energy Sector. n.d. https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Energy-sector-.pdf.

Wikipedia

{{cite report |author=Climate and Development Knowledge Network |title=Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Energy Sector |url=https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Energy-sector-.pdf |access-date=17 August 2026 |via=Climate Insights Directory}}

BibTeX

@techreport{climateanddevelopmentknowledgenetworkndgreenhouse, author = {{Climate and Development Knowledge Network}}, title = {{Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Options for Pakistan: Energy Sector}}, institution = {Climate and Development Knowledge Network}, url = {https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/files/fact-sheet-Pakistan-Energy-sector-.pdf}, urldate = {2026-08-17}, note = {Indexed by Climate Insights Directory} }